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Skull base
Base of the skull, inferior or inner surface
Base of the skull, exterior or outer surface. Showing various muscle attachments.
Details
Identifiers
Latinbasis cranii
MeSHD019291
TA98A02.1.00.044
TA2447
FMA52801
Anatomical terms of bone

The base of skull, also known as the cranial base or the cranial floor, is the most inferior area of the skull. It is composed of the endocranium and the lower parts of the calvaria.

Structure

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Base of the skull. Inferior surface, attachment of muscles marked in red.

Structures found at the base of the skull are for example:

Bones

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There are five bones that make up the base of the skull:

Exobasis

Sinuses

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Foramina of the skull

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Main article: Foramina of the skull
Endobasis-resistances beams
Endobasis-resistances nodes

Sutures

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Other

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The foramina in the base of the skull are exit and entry points for veins, arteries and cranial nerves.
The cranial nerves as they exit through various foramina.

Development

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During the fetal period, the geometry of the cranial base and its fossae: anterior, middle and posterior undergoes rapid changes. The anterior part of the cranial base undergoes changes rapidly particularly in the first trimester, and cranial defects can frequently develop during this period. Growth of the anterior part of cranial base is uneven during the prenatal period. Allometric growth is observed in the first trimester, with the longitudinal dimension increasing from 5 to 17 millimeters between the 8th and 14th weeks of fetal life. Simultaneously, the angle of the anterior cranial fossa decreases, and its depth increases toward the middle fossa. In the second trimester, growth continues but becomes more uniform, and changes in the angle of the anterior fossa are minor. The angle between the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone gradually decreases with increasing depth of the anterior fossa in the frontal plane.[1]

Additional images

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  • Base of the skull. Upper surface
    Base of the skull. Upper surface
  • Base of skull
    Base of skull
  • Base of skull - crista galli, cribriform plate and foramen cecum
    Base of skull - crista galli, cribriform plate and foramen cecum
  • Base of skull - sella turcica
    Base of skull - sella turcica
  • The anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossa in different colors
    The anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossa in different colors

References

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  1. ^ Kedzia, Alicja; Derkowski, Wojciech; Glonek, Michal (2006). "The structure and function of the human skull based on studies using computer image analysis methods in the fetal period.". Computer-aided scientific research =: Komputerowe wspomaganie badań naukowych (in Polish and English). Vol. 13. Wrocław: Wrocław Scientific Society = Wrocławskie Towarzystwo Naukowe. Wydawnictwo. pp. 241–246. ISBN 978-83-7374-043-3.
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📚 Artikel Terkait di Wikipedia

Andrewsarchus

greatly elongated, measuring one-and-a-half times the length of the basicranium, and the portion of the snout in front of the canines resembles that

Vulpini

particular correlates with various diagnostic features of the dentition and basicranium. Regarding Vulpini, Tedford has remarked: These small canids are distinguished

Menarana

nosymena. Several vertebrae and rib fragments as well as part of the basicranium have been found from the Maastrichtian-age Maevarano Formation in the

Choeung Ek

present, with blunt force being the main mechanism of trauma while the basicranium was the most affected region. Gender and age did not seem to affect the

Halisaurus

Charles Marsh in 1869. The holotype, consisting of an angular and a basicranium fragment discovered near Hornerstown, New Jersey, already revealed a

Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor

exclusive to humans and some of its characteristics (those in the wrist and basicranium), suggested that it may have diverged from the common human/African ape

Avian brain

hyperpallium and whose classification is unclear, Ichthyornis, and MPM-334-1, a basicranium that belonged to an eighty-million-year old enantiornithine bird, preserving

Mammuthus africanavus

tall skull over 1.45 metres (4.8 ft) in height with an especially short basicranium, and narrow palate. The specimen had twisted tusks at least 2.3 metres