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Wanita merdeka di Romawi kuno adalah warga negara (cives),[1] tetapi tak dapat memilih atau memegang jabatan politik.[2] Akibat peran publik mereka yang terbatas, wanita kurang menonjol bila dibandingkan dengan pria dalam sejarah Romawi. Meskipun wanita Romawi tak memegang kekuasaan politik secara langsung, wanita dari keluarga kaya atau elit dapat berpengaruh terhadap panggung perpolitikan Romawi lewat hubungan-hubungan pribadi.[3]
Daftar pustaka
sunting- ^ The form of Roman marriage called conubium, for instance, requires that both spouses be citizens; like men from towns granted civitas sine suffragio, women (at least those eligible for conubium) were citizens without suffrage. The legal status of a mother as a citizen affected her son's citizenship. All Roman citizens recognized as such by law did not hold equal rights and privileges, particularly in regard to holding high office. See A Casebook on Roman Family Law following, and A.N. Sherwin-White, Roman Citizenship (Oxford University Press, 1979), pp. 211 and 268 online (on male citizenship as it relates to marrying citizen women) et passim. ("children born of two Roman citizens") indicates that a Roman woman was regarded as having citizen status, in specific contrast to a peregrina.
- ^ Bruce W. Frier and Thomas A.J. McGinn, A Casebook on Roman Family Law (Oxford University Press: American Philological Association, 2004), pp. 31–32, 457, et passim.
- ^ Kristina Milnor, "Women in Roman Historiography," in The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Historians (Cambridge University Press, 2009), p. 278; Ann Ellis Hanson, "The Restructuring of Female Physiology at Rome," in Les écoles médicales à Rome: Actes du 2ème Colloque international sur les textes médicaux latins antiques, Lausanne, septembre 1986 (Université de Nantes, 1991), p. 256.
- Assa, Janine (1960). The Great Roman Ladies. New York: Grove Press.
- Daehner, Jens (ed.), The Herculaneum Women: History, Context, Identities (Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum, 2007), Pp. xiv, 178.
- Freisenbruch, Annelise (2010). The First Ladies of Rome: the Women behind the Caesars. London: Jonathan Cape.
- Bruce W. Frier, Thomas A. J. McGinn (2004). A casebook on Roman family law. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-516186-6.
- Hallett, Judith P. (1984). Fathers and daughters in Roman society: women and the elite family. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-03570-9.
- Spaeth, Barbette Stanley. The Roman goddess Ceres, University of Texas Press, 1996.
Bacaan tambahan
sunting- (Prancis) Gérard Minaud, Les vies de 12 femmes d’empereur romain - Devoirs, Intrigues & Voluptés , Paris, L’Harmattan, 2012.
Pranala luar
sunting
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Ancient Roman women.
- Dr. Susan Martin, Private Lives and Public Personae, 1997.
- WomenintheAncientWorld.com (2005).
- Moya K. Mason, Ancient Roman Women: A Look at their Lives. Essay on the lives of Roman women.
- "Wife-beating in Ancient Rome": an article by Joy Connolly in the TLS, April 9, 2008
- "An etext version of: Ferrero, Guglielmo. "Women and Marriage in Ancient Rome." Diarsipkan 2017-06-30 di Wayback Machine. The Women of the Caesars. The Century Co.; New York, 1911. This edition was created by Jone Johnson Lewis, 2003."
