Hälsingland Rune Inscription 21

Gunnborga (fl. 11th century), also known as Gunnborga den goda (lit. 'Gunnborga the Good'), was a Viking Age Swedish runemaster.[1][2][3][4] She was responsible for the Hälsingland Rune Inscription 21, and has been referred to as the only confirmed runemistress;[2] others might have existed, but historical records associated with them, if any (such as runestones and other inscriptions), are yet to be found.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Forntida kvinnor: jägare, vikingahustru, prästinna, Catharina Ingelman-Sundberg - 2004 - Strängvy
  2. ^ a b Tsjeng, Zing; Tsjeng, Zhi Ying (2018-09-20). Forgotten Women: The Artists. Octopus. ISBN 978-1-78840-114-2.
  3. ^ Boyett, Colleen; Tarver, H. Micheal; Gleason, Mildred Diane (2020-12-07). Daily Life of Women: An Encyclopedia from Ancient Times to the Present [3 volumes]. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 979-8-216-07158-7.
  4. ^ Charney, Noah (2023-10-15). Brushed Aside: The Untold Story of Women in Art. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-7100-4.

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Norsemen

the epithet Hardrada in the sagas, was King of Norway from 1046 to 1066 Gunnborga (c. 11th century CE), Swedish runemaster responsible for the Hälsingland

Hälsingland Rune Inscription 21

runestone style known as RAK. The inscription states that the runemistress, Gunnborga, "painted" the runes. She is the only known female runecarver during this

Runemaster

early 12th centuries include: Åsmund Kåresson Balle Fot Frögärd i Ösby Gunnborga Halvdan Öpir Torgöt Fotsarve (son of Fot) Ulf of Borresta Visäte List

Women artists

Scandinavia (in Sweden) the only historically confirmed female runemaster, Gunnborga, worked in the 11th century. In Germany, however, under the Ottonian dynasty

Frögärd i Ösby

Kåresson. An actual Swedish Viking Age runemaster who was a woman was Gunnborga. Brate, Erik (1926). "13 (Svenska runristare)". runeberg.org (in Swedish)