The human NCL gene is located on chromosome 2 and consists of 14 exons with 13 introns and spans approximately 11kb. Intron 11 of the NCL gene encodes a small nucleolar RNA, termed U20.[7]
Function
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Nucleolin is the major nucleolar protein of growing eukaryotic cells. It is found associated with intranucleolar chromatin and pre-ribosomal particles. It induces chromatin decondensation by binding to histone H1.[citation needed] It is thought to play a role in pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome assembly. It may play a role in the process of transcriptional elongation.[citation needed] It binds RNA oligonucleotides with 5'-UUAGGG-3' repeats more tightly than the telomeric single-stranded DNA 5'-TTAGGG-3' repeats.[citation needed]
Nucleolin is also able to act as a transcriptional coactivator with Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor II (COUP-TFII).[8]
Clinical significance
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Midkine and pleiotrophin bind to cell-surface nucleolin as a low affinity receptor. This binding can inhibit HIV infection.[9][10]
Nucleolin at the cell surface is the receptor for the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein.[11] Interference with the nucleolin–RSV fusion protein interaction has been shown to be therapeutic against RSV infection in cell cultures and animal models.[12][13][14][15]
^Mastrangelo P, Hegele RG (Nov 2012). "The RSV fusion receptor: not what everyone expected it to be". Microbes and Infection / Institut Pasteur. 14 (13): 1205–10. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2012.07.015. PMID22884716.
^Dubois T, Zemlickova E, Howell S, Aitken A (Feb 2003). "Centaurin-alpha 1 associates in vitro and in vivo with nucleolin". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 301 (2): 502–8. doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(02)03010-3. PMID12565890.
^Fouraux MA, Bouvet P, Verkaart S, van Venrooij WJ, Pruijn GJ (Jul 2002). "Nucleolin associates with a subset of the human Ro ribonucleoprotein complexes". Journal of Molecular Biology. 320 (3): 475–88. doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(02)00518-1. hdl:2066/121576. PMID12096904.
Tuteja R, Tuteja N (1999). "Nucleolin: a multifunctional major nucleolar phosphoprotein". Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 33 (6): 407–36. doi:10.1080/10409239891204260. PMID9918513.
Tuteja N, Huang NW, Skopac D, Tuteja R, Hrvatic S, Zhang J, Pongor S, Joseph G, Faucher C, Amalric F (Jul 1995). "Human DNA helicase IV is nucleolin, an RNA helicase modulated by phosphorylation". Gene. 160 (2): 143–8. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(95)00207-M. PMID7642087.
Jordan P, Heid H, Kinzel V, Kübler D (Dec 1994). "Major cell surface-located protein substrates of an ecto-protein kinase are homologs of known nuclear proteins". Biochemistry. 33 (49): 14696–706. doi:10.1021/bi00253a007. PMID7993898.
factor. Tipα enters gastric cancer cells where it binds to cell surface nucleolin, and induces the expression of vimentin. Vimentin is important in the
disorders nidopallium caudolaterale, part of the birdbrain's nidopallium Nucleolin, a protein Nested Context Language NCAR Command Language NULL convention
identified in both humans and mice: it is located in the fifth intron of the nucleolin gene in both species. Two additional snoRNAs (C/D box snoRNA U20 and the
syndrome antigen B, a human protein which has been shown to interact with Nucleolin References Sjögren syndrome, an autoimmune diseases named after Swedish
