This article covers known hyperaccumulators, accumulators or species tolerant to the following: Aluminium (Al), Silver (Ag), Arsenic (As), Beryllium (Be), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Mercury (Hg), Molybdenum (Mo), Naphthalene, Lead (Pb), Selenium (Se) and Zinc (Zn).

See also:

Hyperaccumulators table โ€“ 1

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hyperaccumulators and contaminantsย : Al, Ag, As, Be, Cr, Cu, Mn, Hg, Mo, naphthalene, Pb, Se, Zn โ€“ accumulation rates
Contaminant Accumulation rates (in mg/kg dry weight) Binomial name English name H-Hyperaccumulator or A-Accumulator P-Precipitator T-Tolerant Notes Sources
Al A- Agrostis castellana highland bentgrass As(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A) Origin: Portugal. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
Al 1000 Hordeum vulgare Barley 25 records of plants. [1]:โ€Š891โ€Š[2]
Al Hydrangea spp. Hydrangea (a.k.a. Hortensia)
Al Aluminium concentrations in young leaves, mature leaves, old leaves, and roots were found to be 8.0, 9.2, 14.4, and 10.1ย mg g1, respectively.[3] Melastoma malabathricum L. Blue Tongue, or Native Lassiandra P competes with Al and reduces uptake.[4]
Al Solidago hispida (Solidago canadensis L.) Hairy Goldenrod Origin Canada. [1]:โ€Š891โ€Š[2]
Al 100 Vicia faba Horse Bean [1]:โ€Š891โ€Š[2]
Ag 10-1200 Salix miyabeana Willow Ag(T) Seemed able to adapt to high AgNO3 concentrations on a long timeline [5]
Ag Brassica napus Rapeseed plant Cr, Hg, Pb, Se, Zn Phytoextraction [1]:โ€Š20โ€Š[6]
Ag Salix spp. Osier spp. Cr, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products;[1]:โ€Š19โ€Š Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix);[7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)[8] Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes) [1]:โ€Š19โ€Š
Ag Amanita strobiliformis European Pine Cone Lepidella Ag(H) Macrofungi, Basidiomycete. Known from Europe, prefers calcareous areas [9]
Ag 10-1200 Brassica juncea Indian Mustard Ag(H) Can form alloys of silver-gold-copper [10]
As 100 Agrostis capillaris L. Common Bent Grass, Browntop. (= A. tenuris) Al(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A) [1]:โ€Š891โ€Š
As H- Agrostis castellana Highland Bent Grass Al(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A) Origin Portugal. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
As 1000 Agrostis tenerrima Trin. Colonial bentgrass 4 records of plants [1]:โ€Š891โ€Š[11]
As 2-1300 Cyanoboletus pulverulentus Ink Stain Bolete contains dimethylarsinic acid Europe [12]
As 27,000 (fronds)[13] Pteris vittata L. Ladder brake fern or Chinese brake fern 26% of As in the soil removed after 20 weeks' plantation, about 90% As accumulated in fronds.[14] Root extracts reduce arsenate to arsenite.[15]
As 100-7000 Sarcosphaera coronaria pink crown, violet crown-cup, or violet star cup As(H) Ectomycorrhizal ascomycete, known from Europe [16][17]
Be No reports found for accumulation [1]:โ€Š891โ€Š
Cr Azolla spp. mosquito fern, duckweed fern, fairy moss, water fern [1]:โ€Š891โ€Š[18]
Cr H- Bacopa monnieri Smooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiola Cd(H), Cu(H), Hg(A), Pb(A) Origin India. Aquatic emergent species. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š[19]
Cr Brassica juncea L. Indian mustard Cd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H) Cultivated in agriculture. [1]:โ€Š19,โ€Š898โ€Š[20]
Cr Brassica napus Rapeseed plant Ag, Hg, Pb, Se, Zn Phytoextraction [6][1]:โ€Š19โ€Š
Cr A- Vallisneria americana Tape Grass Cd(H), Pb(H) Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
Cr 1000 Dicoma niccolifera 35 records of plants [1]:โ€Š891โ€Š
Cr roots naturally absorb pollutants, some organic compounds believed to be carcinogenic,[21] in concentrations 10,000 times that in the surrounding water.[22] Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth Cd(H), Cu(A), Hg(H),[21] Pb(H),[21] Zn(A). Also Cs, Sr, U,[21][23] and pesticides.[24] Pantropical/Subtropical. Plants sprayed with 2,4-D may accumulate lethal doses of nitrates.[25] 'The troublesome weed' โ€“ hence an excellent source of bioenergy.[21] [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
Cr Helianthus annuus Sunflower Phytoextraction and rhizofiltration [1]:โ€Š19,โ€Š898โ€Š
Cr A- Hydrilla verticillata Hydrilla Cd(H), Hg(H), Pb(H) [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
Cr Medicago sativa Alfalfa [1]:โ€Š891โ€Š[26]
Cr Pistia stratiotes Water lettuce Cd(T), Hg(H), Cr(H), Cu(T) [1]:โ€Š891,โ€Š898โ€Š[27]
Cr Salix spp. Osier spp. Ag, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products;[1]:โ€Š19โ€Š Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix);[7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)[8] Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes) [1]:โ€Š19โ€Š
Cr Salvinia molesta Kariba weeds or water ferns Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A) [1]:โ€Š891,โ€Š898โ€Š[28]
Cr Spirodela polyrhiza Giant Duckweed Cd(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A) Native to North America. [1]:โ€Š891,โ€Š898โ€Š[28]
Cr 100 Jamesbrittenia fodina Hilliard
Sutera fodina Wild		 [1]:โ€Š891โ€Š[29][30]
Cr A- Thlaspi caerulescens Alpine Pennycress, Alpine Pennygrass Cd(H), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H) Phytoextraction. T. caerulescens may acidify its rhizosphere, which would affect metal uptake by increasing available metals[31] [1]:โ€Š19,โ€Š891,โ€Š898โ€Š[32][33][34]
Cu 9000 Aeollanthus biformifolius [35]
Cu Athyrium yokoscense (Japanese false spleenwort?) Cd(A), Pb(H), Zn(H) Origin Japan. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
Cu A- Azolla filiculoides Pacific mosquitofern Ni(A), Pb(A), Mn(A) Origin Africa. Floating plant. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
Cu H- Bacopa monnieri Smooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiola Cd(H), Cr(H), Hg(A), Pb(A) Origin India. Aquatic emergent species. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š[19]
Cu Brassica juncea L. Indian mustard Cd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H) cultivated [1]:โ€Š19,โ€Š898โ€Š[20]
Cu H- Vallisneria americana Tape Grass Cd(H), Cr(A), Pb(H) Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
Cu Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth Cd(H), Cr(A), Hg(H), Pb(H), Zn(A), Also Cs, Sr, U,[23] and pesticides.[24] Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
Cu 1000 Haumaniastrum robertii
(Lamiaceae)		 Copper flower 27 records of plants. Origin Africa. This species' phanerogam has the highest cobalt content. Its distribution could be governed by cobalt rather than copper.[36] [1]:โ€Š891โ€Š[33]
Cu Helianthus annuus Sunflower Phytoextraction with rhizofiltration [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š[33]
Cu 1000 Larrea tridentata Creosote Bush 67 records of plants. Origin U.S. [1]:โ€Š891โ€Š[33]
Cu H- Lemna minor Duckweed Pb(H), Cd(H), Zn(A) Native to North America and widespread worldwide. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
Cu Ocimum centraliafricanum Copper plant Cu(T), Ni(T) Origin Southern Africa [37]
Cu T- Pistia stratiotes Water Lettuce Cd(T), Hg(H), Cr(H) Pantropical. Origin South U.S.A. Aquatic herb. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
Cu Thlaspi caerulescens Alpine pennycress, Alpine Pennycress, Alpine Pennygrass Cd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H) Phytoextraction. Cu noticeably limits its growth.[34] [1]:โ€Š19,โ€Š891,โ€Š898โ€Š[31][32][33][34]
Mn A- Agrostis castellana Highland Bent Grass Al(A), As(A), Pb(A), Zn(A) Origin Portugal. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
Mn Azolla filiculoides Pacific mosquitofern Cu(A), Ni(A), Pb(A) Origin Africa. Floating plant. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
Mn Brassica juncea L. Indian mustard [1]:โ€Š19โ€Š[20]
Mn 23,000 (maximum) 11,000 (average) leaf Chengiopanax sciadophylloides (Franch. & Sav.) C.B.Shang & J.Y.Huang koshiabura Origin Japan. Forest tree. [38]
Mn Helianthus annuus Sunflower Phytoextraction and rhizofiltration [1]:โ€Š19โ€Š
Mn 1000 Macadamia neurophylla
(now Virotia neurophylla (Guillaumin) P. H. Weston & A. R. Mast)		 28 records of plants [1]:โ€Š891โ€Š[39]
Mn 200 [1]:โ€Š891โ€Š
Hg A- Bacopa monnieri Smooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiola Cd(H), Cr(H), Cu(H), Hg(A), Pb(A) Origin India. Aquatic emergent species. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š[19]
Hg Brassica napus Rapeseed plant Ag, Cr, Pb, Se, Zn Phytoextraction [1]:โ€Š19โ€Š[6]
Hg Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth Cd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Pb(H), Zn(A). Also Cs, Sr, U,[23] and pesticides.[24] Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
Hg H- Hydrilla verticillata Hydrilla Cd(H), Cr(A), Pb(H) [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
Hg 1000 Pistia stratiotes Water lettuce Cd(T), Cr(H), Cu(T) 35 records of plants [1]:โ€Š891,โ€Š898โ€Š[33][40][full citation needed]
Hg Salix spp. Osier spp. Ag, Cr, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products;[1]:โ€Š19โ€Š Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix);[7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)[8] Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes) [1]:โ€Š19โ€Š
Mo 1500 Thlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae) Alpine pennycress Cd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H) phytoextraction [1]:โ€Š19,โ€Š891,โ€Š898โ€Š[31][32][33][34]
Naphthalene Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue Increases catabolic genes and the mineralization of naphthalene. [41]
Naphthalene Trifolium hirtum Pink clover, rose clover Decreases catabolic genes and the mineralization of naphthalene. [41]
Pb A- Agrostis castellana 'Highland Bent Grass Al(A), As(H), Mn(A), Zn(A) Origin Portugal. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
Pb Ambrosia artemisiifolia Ragweed [6]
Pb Armeria maritima Seapink Thrift [6]
Pb Athyrium yokoscense (Japanese false spleenwort?) Cd(A), Cu(H), Zn(H) Origin Japan. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
Pb A- Azolla filiculoides Pacific mosquitofern Cu(A), Ni(A), Mn(A) Origin Africa. Floating plant. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
Pb A- Bacopa monnieri Smooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiola Cd(H), Cr(H), Cu(H), Hg(A) Origin India. Aquatic emergent species. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š[19]
Pb H- Brassica juncea Indian mustard Cd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H) 79 recorded plants. Phytoextraction [1]:โ€Š19,โ€Š891,โ€Š898โ€Š[6][20][31][33][34][42]
Pb Brassica napus Rapeseed plant Ag, Cr, Hg, Se, Zn Phytoextraction [1]:โ€Š19โ€Š[6]
Pb Brassica oleracea Ornamental Kale and Cabbage, Broccoli [6]
Pb H- Vallisneria americana Tape Grass Cd(H), Cr(A), Cu(H) Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
Pb Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth Cd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Hg(H), Zn(A). Also Cs, Sr, U,[23] and pesticides.[24] Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
Pb Festuca ovina Blue Sheep Fescue [6]
Pb Ipomoea trifida Morning glory Phytoextraction and rhizofiltration [1]:โ€Š19,โ€Š898โ€Š[6][7][42]
Pb H- Hydrilla verticillata Hydrilla Cd(H), Cr(A), Hg(H) [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
Pb H- Lemna minor Duckweed Cd(H), Cu(H), Zn(H) Native to North America and widespread worldwide. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
Pb Salix viminalis Common Osier Cd, U, Zn,[7] Ag, Cr, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products (S. spp.);[1]:โ€Š19โ€Š Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)[8] Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes) [7]
Pb H- Salvinia molesta Kariba weeds or water ferns Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A) Origin India. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
Pb Spirodela polyrhiza Giant Duckweed Cd(H), Cr(H), Ni(H), Zn(A) Native to North America. [1]:โ€Š891,โ€Š898โ€Š[28]
Pb Thlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae) Alpine pennycress, Alpine pennygrass Cd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo(H), Ni(H), Zn(H) Phytoextraction. [1]:โ€Š19,โ€Š891,โ€Š898โ€Š[31][32][33][34]
Pb Thlaspi rotundifolium Round-leaved Pennycress [6]
Pb Triticum aestivum Common Wheat [6]
Se .012-20 Amanita muscaria Fly agaric Cap contains higher concentrations than stalks[43]
Se Brassica juncea Indian mustard Rhizosphere bacteria enhance accumulation.[44] [1]:โ€Š19โ€Š
Se Brassica napus Rapeseed plant Ag, Cr, Hg, Pb, Zn Phytoextraction. [1]:โ€Š19โ€Š[6]
Se Low rates of selenium volatilization from selenate-supplied Muskgrass (10-fold less than from selenite) may be due to a major rate limitation in the reduction of selenate to organic forms of selenium in Muskgrass. Chara canescens Desv. & Lois Muskgrass Muskgrass treated with selenite contains 91% of the total Se in organic forms (selenoethers and diselenides), compared with 47% in Muskgrass treated with selenate.[45] 1.9% of the total Se input is accumulated in its tissues; 0.5% is removed via biological volatilization.[46] [47]
Se Bassia scoparia
(a.k.a. Kochia scoparia)		 burningbush, ragweed, summer cypress, fireball, belvedere and Mexican firebrush, Mexican fireweed U,[7] Cr, Pb, Hg, Ag, Zn Perchlorate (wetland halophytes). Phytoextraction. [1]:โ€Š19,โ€Š898โ€Š
Se Salix spp. Osier spp. Ag, Cr, Hg, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products;[1]:โ€Š19โ€Š Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalis);[7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)[8] Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes). [1]:โ€Š19โ€Š
Zn 32,000 Arabidopsis halleri Cd(H), Zn(H) Occurring mainly in the Galmei (zinc) floras of central and western Europe [48]
Zn A- Agrostis castellana Highland Bent Grass Al(A), As(H), Mn(A), Pb(A) Origin Portugal. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
Zn Athyrium yokoscense (Japanese false spleenwort?) Cd(A), Cu(H), Pb(H) Origin Japan. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
Zn Brassicaceae Mustards, mustard flowers, crucifers or cabbage family Cd(H), Cs(H), Ni(H), Sr(H) Phytoextraction [1]:โ€Š19โ€Š
Zn Brassica juncea L. Indian mustard Cd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A). Larvae of Pieris brassicae do not even sample its high-Zn leaves. (Pollard and Baker, 1997) [1]:โ€Š19,โ€Š898โ€Š[20]
Zn Brassica napus Rapeseed plant Ag, Cr, Hg, Pb, Se Phytoextraction [1]:โ€Š19โ€Š[6]
Zn Helianthus annuus Sunflower Phytoextraction and rhizofiltration [1]:โ€Š19โ€Š[7]
Zn Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth Cd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Hg(H), Pb(H). Also Cs, Sr, U,[23] and pesticides.[24] Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
Zn Salix viminalis Common Osier Ag, Cr, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbons, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products;[1]:โ€Š19โ€Š Cd, Pb, U (S. viminalis);[7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)[8] Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes). [7]
Zn A- Salvinia molesta Kariba weeds or water ferns Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A) Origin India. [1]:โ€Š898โ€Š
Zn Cd: 574 to 1470

Zn: 9020 to 14,600

Sedum plumbizincicola (Crassulaceae) Crassula or Stonecrop family Cd(H), Zn(H) Native to the Zitong Town in West Zhejiang Province, China [49][50]
Zn 1400 Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke (Caryophyllaceae) Bladder campion Ernst et al. (1990)
Zn Spirodela polyrhiza Giant Duckweed Cd(H), Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H) Native to North America. [1]:โ€Š891,โ€Š898โ€Š[28]
Zn H-10,000 Thlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae) Alpine pennycress Cd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H) 48 records of plants. May acidify its own rhizosphere, which would facilitate absorption by solubilization of the metal[31] [1]:โ€Š19,โ€Š891,โ€Š898โ€Š[32][33][34][42]
Zn Trifolium pratense Red Clover Nonmetal accumulator. Its rhizosphere is denser in bacteria than that of Thlaspi caerulescens, but T. caerulescens has relatively more metal-resistant bacteria.[31]

Cs-137 activity was much smaller in leaves of larch and sycamore maple than of spruce: spruce > larch > sycamore maple.

References

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๐Ÿ“š Artikel Terkait di Wikipedia

Phytoremediation

One challenge to phytoremediation is that heavy metals are often insufficiently mobile to be taken up by the plants, hyperaccumulators or otherwise. This

Hyperaccumulator

of the same genes in both plants. Hyperaccumulators are regularly discussed within the context of phytoremediation, although their commercialization remains

Hydrilla

is a known bioremediation hyperaccumulator of mercury, cadmium, chromium and lead, and as such can be used in phytoremediation. Zhuang, X. & Beentje, H

Mycoremediation

environmental-friendly solutions to this problem. Many fungi are hyperaccumulators, therefore they are able to concentrate toxins in their fruiting bodies

Pycnandra acuminata

there. Pycnandra acuminata is notable as one of the most prolific hyperaccumulators of trace metals known, actively absorbing nickel from the soil and

Hyperaccumulators table โ€“ 3

ferrocyanide). See also: Hyperaccumulators table โ€“ 1ย : Ag, Al, As, Be, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Naphthalene, Pb, Pd, Se, Zn Hyperaccumulators table โ€“ 2ย : Nickel

Salix viminalis

and as such is a prime candidate for phytoremediation. For more information, see the list of hyperaccumulators. Among the most common pathogens on S

Soda inermis

the remaining minerals from the soil.[citation needed] Phytoremediation plants Hyperaccumulators table โ€“ 3 Plants of the World Online: Soda inermis Fourr