| Sadanic | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | Chota Nagpur Plateau |
| Ethnicity | Sadan peoples |
| Linguistic classification | Indo-European |
| Subdivisions | |
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | sada1243 Sadanic |
The Sadanic languages are Bihari languages in the Indo-Aryan languages. The languages are mostly spoken in the Jharkhand state of India.[1]
According to the 2011 Census of India, the Sadanic languages had 5.7 million native speakers: 5.1 million Nagpuri (including 4.3 million Sadri), 0.3 million Kurmali Thar, and 0.2 million Panch Pargania.[2]
Etymology
editThe Nagpuri language is known as Sadani as the native language of the Sadan people, the Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group of Chotanagpur. Sadani also referred to closely related Indo-Aryan languages of Jharkhand such as Nagpuri, Panchpargania, Kurmali and Khortha. The origin of the word Sadan is somewhat obscure.[1][3]
History
editThe Indo Aryan languages of Jharkhand such as Nagpuri, Panchpargania, Kurmali, and Khortha are known as Sadani languages. Earlier linguists had classified these languages as dialects of Bhojpuri and Magahi, but recent research suggests that these languages developed from a single ancestor language and are closer to each other than to other Bihari languages. Their differences are due to their geographical distribution and contact with different tribal Munda languages.[1]
According to scholars, the Sadri/Nagpuri language was in contact with the Mundari language. Due to widespread use as a lingua franca, it lost ergativity as Munda languages have no ergativity. It gained attributive possession between alienable and inalienable in third person possessor. It lacks loan words from Dravidian and Austroasiatic languages but contributed countless loan words in its contact languages. According to Abbi (1997), Indo-Aryan languages influenced Dravidian and Austroasiatic languages. The converse marker of Kharia (-ke, -kon) and Kurukh (-ki) is due to influence from Indo-Aryan language.[4]
Panchparganiya does not have large numbers of loan words. It retain its morphological ergativity and did not develop an alienable or inalienable distinction in attributive possession.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d Paudyal, Netra P.; Peterson, John (2020-09-01). "How one language became four: the impact of different contact-scenarios between "Sadani" and the tribal languages of Jharkhand". Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics. 7 (2): 275–306. doi:10.1515/jsall-2021-2028. ISSN 2196-078X.
- ^ LANGUAGE (PAPER 1 OF 2018)-CENSUS OF INDIA 2011 (PDF) (Report). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
- ^ Savita Kiran, John Peterson. "Sadani / Sadri". academia.edu. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
- ^ Hans Henrich Hock, Elena Bashir (2016). The Languages and Linguistics of South Asia: A Comprehensive Guide. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 316. ISBN 978-3110423303.
Further reading
edit- Sengupta, Nirmal, ed. (1982). Fourth World Dynamics, Jharkhand. Authors Guild Publications. Archived from the original on 8 November 2022.
