Burlesque adalah sebuah karya kesusastraan, drama atau musikal yang bertujuan untuk menyebabkan orang tertawa dengan memplesetkan hal-hal atau sari-sari dari karya serius.[1] Kata tersebut berasal dari kata Italia burlesco, yang berasal dari kata Italia burla yang artinya sebuah lawakan, kejahilan atau ejekan.[2][3]
"Burlesque" telah dipakai dalam bahasa Inggris dalam esensi kesusastraan dan teatrikal ini sejak akhir abad ke-17. Kata tersebut ditujukan secara khusus kepada karya-karya Chaucer dan Shakespeare dan kepada karya-karya klasik Yunani-Romawi.[4] Contoh-contoh jelas dari kesusastraan burlesque adalah The Rape of the Lock karya Alexander Pope dan Hudibras karya Samuel Butler. Contoh dari burlesque musikal adalah Burleske untuk piano dan orkestra tahun 1890 karya Richard Strauss. Contoh-contoh dari burlesque teatrikal meliputi Robert the Devil karya W. S. Gilbert dan acara-acara A. C. Torr – Meyer Lutz, termasuk Ruy Blas and the Blasé Roué.
Penggunaan pada masa berikutnya terhadap istilah tersebut, terutama di Amerika Serikat, merujuk kepada penampilan-penampilan dalam format acara varietas. Karya tersebut terkenal dari 1860an sampai 1940an, sering kali dalam kabaret dan klub, serta teater, dan menampilkan komedi dan striptease perempuan. Beberapa film Hollywood berupaya untuk menampilkan penampilan tersebut dari 1930an sampai 1960an, atau memasukkan adegan-adegan bergaya burlesque dalam film-film drama, seperti Cabaret dari tahun 1972 dan All That Jazz dari tahun 1979. Peminatan tersebut format tersebut kembali muncul pada 1990an.[5][6]
Catatan
sunting- ^ "Burlesque", Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, accessed 16 February 2011 (perlu berlangganan)
- ^ In theatrical use, a burla was "a comic interlude or practical joke introduced, usually extempore, into a performance by the servant masks of the commedia dell'arte … developed at will into a small independent 'turn', the characters returning at its conclusion to the main theme of the plot". See Hartnoll, Phyllis and Peter Found. "Burla", The Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre, Oxford University Press, 1996. Oxford Reference Online, accessed 16 February 2011 (perlu berlangganan)
- ^ "Burlesque News – The Growth of Burlesque", New York Clipper, Vol. 62, No. 31, September 12, 1914, p. 18 (accessed February 28, 2017, via MyHeritage)
- ^ Baldick, Chris. "Burlesque", The Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms, Oxford University Press, 2008. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press, accessed 16 February 2011 (perlu berlangganan)
- ^ Sankar-Gorton, Eliza (30 April 2015). "Burlesque Is Back and Here Is What You Need to Know About It". www.huffingtonpost.com. The Huffington Post. Diakses tanggal 7 May 2015.
- ^ Petkovic, John (28 November 2010). "Burlesque: Then and now, a timeline of performers from Lili St. Cyr to Dita VonTeese". www.cleveland.com. The Plain Dealer. Diakses tanggal 7 May 2015.
Referensi
sunting- Abrams, M. H. (1999) A Glossary of Literary Terms. Seventh edition. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace College Publishers
- Adams, William Davenport (1904) A dictionary of the drama London: Chatto & Windus
- Allan, Kirsty L. 'A Guide to Classical Burlesque – Funny Ha Ha or Funny Peculiar?'
- Allan, Kirsty L. and Charms, G. 'Diamonds From the Rough – The Darker Side of American Burlesque striptease'
- Allen, Robert Clyde (1991). Horrible Prettiness: Burlesque and American Culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1960-3
- Baldwin, Michelle. Burlesque and the New Bump-n-Grind
- Briggeman, Jane (2009) Burlesque: A Living History. BearManor Media, 2009. ISBN 978-1-59393-469-9
- DiNardo, Kelly. "Gilded Lili: Lili St. Cyr and the Striptease Mystique"; Archive of articles, video, pictures and interviews about neo-burlesque.
- Frye, Northrop. (1957) Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. Princeton: Princeton University Press
- Hedin, Thomas F. (2001) The Petite Commande of 1664: Burlesque in the gardens of Versailles, The Art Bulletin
- Hollingshead, John. (1903) Good Old Gaiety: An Historiette & Remembrance London: Gaity Theatre Co
- Kennedy, Michael (2006), The Oxford Dictionary of Music, Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-861459-4
- Kenrick, John. A History of The Musical Burlesque
- Sanders, Andrew (1994). The Short Oxford History of English Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-811201-7
- Stanton, Sarah and Banham, Martin (1996). Cambridge Paperback Guide to Theatre, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44654-9
- Warrack, John and West, Ewan (1992), The Oxford Dictionary of Opera, Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-869164-5
- Wilson, Frederic Woodbridge (1992), 'Burlesque' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
- Zeidman, Irving: The American Burlesque Show. Hawthorn Books, Inc 1967, OCLC 192808, OCLC 493184629.
Pranala luar
sunting
- Ruckus! American Entertainments at the Turn of the Twentieth Century From the collection of the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University
- Classic Burlesque: We Aim to Tease Diarsipkan 2010-05-16 di Wayback Machine. – slideshow by Life magazine
- History of Burlesque at Musicals101.com, The Cyber Encyclopedia of Musical Theatre, TV and Film
- "A Guide to Classical Burlesque – Funny Ha Ha or Funny Peculiar?" Diarsipkan 2017-06-20 di Wayback Machine. Allan, K., The Curious Adventures of Kittie
