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Mineral adalah unsur atau senyawa anorganik padat yang memiliki susunan atom teratur (periodik) dan komposisi kimia tertentu yang menghasilkan sifat fisik yang khas. Pada tahun 1995 definisi mineral diperketat oleh Asosiasi Mineralogi Internasional (IMA) yang menambahkan syarat bahwa mineral harus terbentuk melalui proses geologi alami, bukan melalui proses biologis atau sintesis buatan manusia.

Material kristalin yang dihasilkan oleh organisme hidup atau yang terbentuk di laboratorium tidak diakui sebagai mineral baru. Secara kimiawi mineral kristalin yang memiliki kemiripan dengan mineral alami seperti merkuri yang berwujud cair sementara air sendiri tidak dianggap mineral karena wujud cairnya dan berbeda dengan es atau gletser yang berstruktur kristal yang diakui sebagai mineral.

Di sisi lain definisi mineral dalam naturalistik historis yang lebih luas, yang mendefinisikan mineral sebagai segala material anorganik alami yang menjadi bagian dari kerajaan mineral anonim dari kerajaan hewan dan tumbuhan tanpa terlalu menekankan struktur kristal atau asal-usul genetiknya.[1]

A

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Amethyst crystals โ€“ a purple quartz
Apophyllite crystals sitting right beside a cluster of peachy bowtie stilbite
Aquamarine variety of beryl with tourmaline on orthoclase
Arsenopyrite from Hidalgo del Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico
Aurichalcite needles spraying out within a protected pocket lined by bladed calcite crystals
Austinite from the Ojuela Mine, Mapimรญ, Durango, Mexico
Ametrine containing amethyst and citrine, from Bolivia
Azurite, Burra Mine, South Australia
Varieties that are not valid species:

B

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Baryte (included by malachite) on malachite, from Shangulowรฉ Mine, Kambove, Central area, Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo
Spiky calcite scalenohedra with a coating of whitish benstonite on a layer of teal-colored fluorite
Thin tabular biotite cluster
Brookite from Kharan, Balochistan, Pakistan
Varieties that are not valid species:

C

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Radiating spray of colorless wheatsheaf calcite crystals on matrix, from Iraรญ, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Rhombohedrons of calcite that appear almost as books of petals, piled up 3-dimensionally on the matrix, from Eastern Europe
Sky blue, prismatic crystals of celestine from Majunga, Madagascar
Pocket cavity of small chrysocolla stalactites from Ray Mine, Scott Mountain area, Mineral Creek District, Arizona, USA
Cinnabar on dolomite
Cubic Cobaltite, Sudbury District, Ontario, Canada
Varieties that are not valid species:

D

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The slightly misshapen octahedral shape of this rough diamond crystal in matrix is typical of the mineral
Dioptase from Tsumeb, Namibia
Varieties that are not valid species:

E

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Emerald on quartz, from Carnaiba Mine, Pindobaรงu, Campo Formoso ultramafic complex, Bahia, Brazil
Epidote crystals on matrix mined in Katsna Yama, Pervouralsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia
Varieties that are not valid species:

F

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Translucent fluorapophyllit-(K) crystal and stilbite, from Jalgaon District, Maharashtra, India
Deep green isolated fluorite crystal showing cubic and octahedral faces, set upon a micaceous matrix
Varieties that are not valid species:

G

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Garnet
Gold vein stockwork in limonite, from Gold Flake Vein, Farncomb Hill, Breckenridge Mining District, Summit County, Colorado, USA
Varieties that are not valid species:

H

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Brazilian trigonal hematite crystals
Heulandite and Celadonite, Aurangabad District, Maharashtra, India
Hรผbnerite and quartz
Varieties that are not valid species:

I

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Inyoite from Monte Azul deposit, Sijes, Salta, Argentina
Varieties that are not valid species:
  • Idocrase (synonym of vesuvianite)
  • Iolite (a gem-quality variety of cordierite)

J

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Benitoite (blue), joaquinite-(Ce) (brown) and neptunite (dark red) on natrolite (white), from Dallas Gem Mine area, San Benito River headwaters area, New Idria District, Diablo Range, San Benito Co., California, USA
Varieties that are not valid species:

K

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Kainosite-(Y) from the Amphibolite quarry, Haslach, Black Forest, Baden-Wรผrttemberg, Germany
Krรถhnkite from Cuquicamata Mine, Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta Region, Chile
Varieties that are not valid species:

L

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Langite from Alsace, France
Legrandite on limonite
Liddicoatite on quartz and feldspar
Varieties that are not valid species:

M

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Magnetite from Speen Ghar, Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan
Manganite from Ilfeld, Thuringia, Germany
Mesolite at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Mimetite on limonite matrix
Varieties that are not valid species:

N

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Needles of natrolite on deep pink inesite
Neptunite from California, USA
Varieties that are not valid species:

O

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Boulder opal, Carisbrooke Station near Winton, Queensland, Australia
Varieties that are not valid species:

P

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A native Platinum nugget from the Kondyor mine, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia.
Pectolite from Paterson, Passaic County, New Jersey, USA
Phosphophyllite from Cerro de Potosรญ, Potosรญ Department, Bolivia
Proustite from Chanarcillo, Copiapo Province, Chile
Varieties that are not valid species:

Q

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Quartz

R

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Crystals of cherry red ruby in matrix
Rock crystal
Varieties that are not valid species:

S

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Native silver on Acanthite, Imiter Mine, Ouarzazate Province, Morocco
Gypsum (selenite variety): Santa Eulalia District, Chihuahua, Mexico
Serandite clusters from Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, Montรฉrรฉgie, Quรฉbec, Canada
Botryoidal balls of shattuckite, from Otjikotu, Kaokoveld, Kunene, Namibia
Ball of stepped stannite crystals flanked by splaying GEM quartzes and golden chalcopyrite at its upper edge, from Yaogangxian Mine, Yizhang County, Chenzhou Prefecture, Hunan Province, China
Varieties that are not valid species:

T

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Crystal of titanite with adularia and minor clinochlore on matrix
Fluorite crystal sitting beside a glassy, dark green tourmaline crystal, which itself sits atop a green tourmaline of a lighter color. All sit on a bed of sparkly, bladed stark white albite
Turquoise from the Copper Cities Mine, near Miami, Arizona, USA
Varieties that are not valid species:

U

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Uranophane, Musonoi Mine, Kolwezi, Katanga (Shaba), Democratic Republic of Congo. FOV: 6 mm

V

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Vanadinite from the Mibladen Mining District, Morocco

W

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Deep green balls of wavellite in exposed pocket, from Mauldin Mountain Quarries, Montgomery County, Arkansas, USA

X

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Radial fibrous inesite and xonotlite from Northern Cape Province, South Africa

Y

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Yugawaralite crystals in a sheltered vug, from Jalgaon District, Maharashtra, India
Varieties that are not valid species:

Z

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Zeolite with heulandite on quartz
Zircon from Gilgit, Pakistan
Varieties that are not valid species:

Referensi

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  1. ^ Mehl, Jr, James P; Jackson, Julia A (2005). Neuendorf, Klaus K.E (ed.). Glossary of Geologi. American Geological Institute.
  2. ^ Anthony, J.W.; Bideaux, R.A.; Bladh, K.W.; Nichols, M.C., ed. (19 March 2021). "Ice" (PDF). Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America. Diakses tanggal 26 November 2024.
  3. ^ Pasero, Marco; etย al. (July 2024). "IMA List of Minerals". IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 25 April 2024. Diakses tanggal 19 July 2024.

Lihat pula

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๐Ÿ“š Artikel Terkait di Wikipedia

Gamping

Dolomite Quicklime Indiana limestone Solnhofen limestone Oamaru stone Aragonite Quarry Coral sand Ketton Stone "gamping". Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia

Kalsit

Mindat Calcite at Webmineral S.Yoshioka and Y.Ktiano. "Transformation of aragonite to calcite through heating" (PDF). DTA -TG study. Geochemical Journal

Perikanan tangkap

kehidupan laut berada. Terumbu karang Terumbu karang adakah struktur aragonite yang diproduksi oleh organisme hidup, berada di perairan tropis dangkal

Mata

Speiser, D. I.; Eernisse, D. J.; Johnsen, S. N. (2011). "A Chiton Uses Aragonite Lenses to Form Images". Current Biology. 21 (8): 665โ€“670. doi:10.1016/j

Daftar simbol mineral

Aluminoceladonite (Acel) Aradite (Ara) Aenigmatite (Aen) Aluminocerite-(Ce) (Acrt-Ce) Aragonite (Arg) Aerinite (Aer) Aluminocopiapite (Acpi) Arakiite (Ark) Aerugite (Aru)

Slowakia

yaitu Gua Es Dobลกinรก, Gua Domica, Gua Gombasek, Gua Jasovskรก, dan Gua Aragonite Ochtinskรก. Gua-gua lain yang terbuka untuk umum termasuk Gua Belianska

Kedalaman kompensasi karbonat

pada kedalaman kompensasi bagi kalsit. Kedalaman kompensasi aragonit (aragonite compensation depth atau ACD) adalah kedalaman kompensasi untuk karbonat

Batuan karbonat

Proses ini umumnya terjadi pada batu gamping terumbu yang porous. Mineral aragonite (bahan struktur koral hidup), lama-kelamaan berkristalisasi menjadi bentuk