| Asa Gray | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Lahir | 18 November 1810 Sauquoit, New York |
| Meninggal | 30 Januari 1888 (umur 77) Cambridge, Massachusetts |
| Kebangsaan | Amerika Serikat |
| Karier ilmiah | |
| Bidang | Botani |
| Terinspirasi | Amos Eaton Charles Darwin |
| Tanda tangan | |
 | |
Asa Gray (18 November 1810 – 20 Januari 1888) adalah botanis Amerika paling berpengaruh pada abad ke-19.[1][2]
Gray menjadi profesor botani Universitas Harvard selama beberapa dekade.
Kehidupan awal dan pendidikan
suntingGray lahir di Sauquoit, New York pada 18 November 1810
Karya
sunting- Gray, Asa (1837). A Natural System of Botany. American. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.708.
- Gray, Asa; Torrey, John (1838–1843). A Flora of North America. Vol. I & II. New York: Wiley & Putnam. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.9466.
- Gray, Asa; Sullivant, William Starling (1848). A Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States. Boston: James Munroe and Company. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.10392.
- Gray, Asa; Wright, Charles (1852–1853). Plantae Wrightianae Texano – Neo-Mexicanae. Vol. 1&2. Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution.
- Gray, Asa (1857). First Lessons in Botany and Vegetable Physiology. New York: Ivison and Phinney.
- Gray, Asa (1858). How Plants Grow: A Simple Introduction to Structural Botany. New York: American Book Company.
- Gray, Asa (1862). Introduction to Structural and Systematic Botany and Vegetable Physiology. New York: Phinney & Company. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.3964.
- Gray, Asa (1872). How Plants Behave. New York: Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor & Co.
- Gray, Asa (1876). Darwiniana: Essays and Reviews Pertaining to Darwinism. New York: Appleton & Company. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.19483. LCCN 04005631. OCLC 774014.
- Gray, Asa (1878–1897). Synoptical Flora of North America. New York: American Book Company. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.10847.
- Gray, Asa (1879). Gray's Botanical Text-book. Vol. I & II. New York: American Book Company. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.1355.
- Gray, Asa; Hooker, Joseph Dalton (1880). "The Vegetation of the Rocky Mountain Region, and A Comparison With That of Other Parts of the World". Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories. VI (1). Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office: 1–77.
- Gray, Asa (1887). Gray's School and Field Book of Botany. New York: American Book Company. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.55588.
- Gray, Asa (1888). Synoptical Flora of North America: The Gamopetalae. Vol. I, pt. II, and II, pt. I (Edisi 2). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.1520.
Catatan
suntingReferensi
sunting- ^ Biographies of Scientists and Explorers 2015.
- ^ Love 1998, hlm. 173.
Daftar pustaka
sunting- Alexander, Denis R.; Numbers, Ronald L. (2010). Biology and Ideology from Descartes to Dawkins. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-60840-2.
- Boufford, D. E.; Spongberg, S. A. (1983). "Eastern Asian – Eastern North American Phytogeographical Relationships – A History From The Time of Linnaeus To The Twentieth Century". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 70. doi:10.2307/2992081.
- Browne, Janet (2010). "Asa Gray and Charles Darwin: Corresponding Naturalists" (PDF). Harvard Papers in Botany. 15 (2): 209–220. doi:10.3100/025.015.0204.
- Crafts, Edward Clayton; Ellison, Lincoln (1938). A Selected Bibliography on Management of Western Ranges, Livestock, and Wildlife. United States Department of Agriculture.
- Darwin, Charles (25 April 1855). "Letter 1674, Darwin Correspondence Project". Surat untuk Asa Gray. Diakses tanggal January 9, 2015.
- Darwin, Charles (22 Januari 1860). "Letter 2814, Darwin Correspondence Project". Surat untuk Asa Gray. Diakses tanggal January 1, 2015.
- Darwin, Charles (32 Januari 1878). "Letter 11330, Darwin Correspondence Project". Surat untuk Asa Gray. Diakses tanggal January 1, 2015. ;
- Darwin, Charles (7 Mei 1879). "Letter 12041, Darwin Correspondence Project". Surat untuk John Fordyce. Diakses tanggal January 1, 2015.
- Darwin, Charles (29 Januari 1881). "Letter 13031, Darwin Correspondence Project". Surat untuk Asa Gray. Diakses tanggal January 1, 2015.
- Darwin, Charles (1888). Darwin, Francis (ed.). The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street.
- Deane, Walter (1888). "Asa Gray". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. XV (3). JSTOR 2476862. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2014-11-10. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-24. ;
- Donnelly, Walter A. (1958). The University of Michigan: An Encyclopedic Survey, Pt 8. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
- Dupree, A. Hunter (1988). Asa Gray, American Botanist, Friend of Darwin. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-801-83741-8.
- Farlow, W. G. "Memoir of Asa Gray 1810–1888" (PDF). National Academy of Sciences. Diakses tanggal 18 Januari 2015.
- Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Vol. 258 (Edisi 2). Washington, DC: United States Geological Survey.
- Gray, Asa (1876). Darwiniana: Essays and Reviews Pertaining to Darwinism. New York: Appleton & Company. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.19483. LCCN 04005631. OCLC 774014.
- Gray, Jane Loring (1894). Letters of Asa Gray. New York: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co.
- Herwick III, Edgar B. (October 16, 2014). "142-Year-Old Trees Cut Down In Cambridge". WGBH News. Diakses tanggal October 21, 2014.
- Holmgren, Noel H. "Grayia)". eFloras. Diakses tanggal 31 Januari 2015.
- Jenkins, Charles F. (1942). "Asa Gray and his Quest for Shortia galacifolia". Arnoldia. 2 (3 & 4). JSTOR 42953488.
- Love, Rhoda M. (Fall 1998). "Wilhelm Nikolaus Suksdorf (1850–1932) Pioneer Botanist of the Pacific Northwest" (PDF). Pacific Northwest Quarterly. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 2016-03-04. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-24. ;
- Linden, Blanche M. G. (2007). Silent City on a Hill: Picturesque Landscapes of Memory and Boston's Mount Auburn Cemetery. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 978-1-55849-571-5.
- Matthews, Brander (January 1904). "Concerning the Quatrain". The Lamp. 27: 589.
- Miles, Sara Joan (September 2001). "Charles Darwin and Asa Gray Discuss Teleology and Design". PSCF (American Scientific Affiliation). 53.
- Moore, Randy (2002). Evolution in the Courtroom: A Reference Guide. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-57607-421-8.
- Moore, G.; Macklin, J.; DeCesare, L. (2010). "A Brief History of Asa Gray's Manual of Botany". Harvard Papers in Botany. 15 (2): 277–286. doi:10.3100/025.015.0207.
- Pitcher, Zina (1856). Laws and Regulations of the American Medical Association, With a Sketch of Detroit, and a Brief History of the University of Michigan, and of the Development of the Resources of the State. Detroit: R. F. Johnstone & Company.
- Senning, Alexander (2007). Elsevier's Dictionary of Chemoetymology. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-52239-9.
- Smith, Daniel A. (October 5, 2014). "God's Beloved Yellowwoods". First Church In Cambridge. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2015-12-24. Diakses tanggal March 29, 2015. ;
- Torrey, Eliza Shaw (1988). "On the Trail of John Torrey, #10". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 15 (3). JSTOR 2995959.
- Wen, Jun (1999). "Evolution of Eastern Asian and Eastern North American Disjunct Distributions in Flowering Plants". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 30: 421–455. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.30.1.421. JSTOR 221691.
- Zeller, Suzanne (1994). "Penhallow, David Pearce". Dictionary of Canadian Biography.
- "Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913)". The Linnean Society of London. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2015-01-02. Diakses tanggal 1 Januari 2015.
- "Asa Gray". Darwin Correspondence Project. Diakses tanggal 9 Januari 2015.
- "Asa Gray". Darwin Correspondence Project. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2012-05-04. Diakses tanggal 18 Januari 2015.
- "Asa Gray". Encyclopaedia Britannica. September 30, 2013. 242613. Diakses tanggal 9 Januari 2015.
- "Asa Gray". Litchfield Historical Society. Diakses tanggal 31 Desember 2014.
- "Asa Gray". University of Michigan. Diakses tanggal 3 Januari 2015.
- "Asa Gray Award". American Society of Plant Taxonomists. 18 Februari 2012. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2014-12-31. Diakses tanggal 31 Desember 2014.
- "Asa Gray House". National Historic Landmark Summary listing. National Park Service. Diakses tanggal 5 Januari 2015.
- "Biographies of Scientists and Explorers". Southwest Colorado Wildflowers. Diakses tanggal 1 Januari 2015.
- "Gray Gets Stamp of Approval". Harvard Gazette. 30 Juni 2011. Diakses tanggal 31 Desember 2014.
- "Gray Herbarium (GH)". Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries. Diakses tanggal 4 Januari 2015.
- "Gray's Peak". Harvard University Herbaria. 2010. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2015-01-06. Diakses tanggal 5 Januari 2015.
- "Housing – Independent, Assisted Living, Alzheimer's". University of Michigan Geriatrics Center and Institute of Gerontology. Diakses tanggal 3 Januari 2015.
- "Liberty Hyde Bailey Jr. (1858–1954) Papers". Harvard University Herbaria. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2015-04-02. Diakses tanggal 8 Maret 2015.
- "Lake Helen Public Information City Guide". City of Lake Helen, Florida. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2015-02-13. Diakses tanggal 31 Desember 2014.
- "Mendelsohn Quad". Stony Brook University. Diakses tanggal 3 Januari 2015.
Bacaan tambahan
sunting- Sargent, Charles Sprague, ed. (1889). Scientific Papers of Asa Gray. Vol. I. New York: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
- Sargent, Charles Sprague, ed. (1889). Scientific Papers of Asa Gray. Vol. II. New York: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
Pranala luar
sunting
Karya tulis oleh atau tentang Asa Gray di Wikisource
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Asa Gray.
- Karya Asa Gray di Project Gutenberg
- Karya oleh/tentang Asa Gray di Internet Archive (pencarian dioptimalkan untuk situs non-Beta)
- Karya Asa Gray di LibriVox (buku suara domain umum)
- Darwin Correspondence Project Diarsipkan 2007-12-12 di Wayback Machine.
- Darwin Correspondence Project – Gray, Asa Diarsipkan 2008-01-01 di Wayback Machine.
- Harvard Botany Libraries Archive Diarsipkan 2010-06-22 di Wayback Machine.
- National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
