 Anggota geng Crips dengan tato | |
| Lokasi ditemukan | Los Angeles, California, Amerika Serikat |
|---|---|
| Pendiri | Raymond Washington dan Stanley Williams |
| Tahun aktif | 1969–sekarang |
| Teritori | 41 negara bagian Amerika Serikat,[1] Kanada[2] dan Belize[3] |
| Etnis | Umumnya Afrika Amerika[1] |
| Keanggotaan | ca 30,000–35,000[4] |
| Aktivitas kriminal | Penyelundupan narkoba, pembunuhan, perampokan, ekstorsi, perampokan rumah, dan pencurian identitas[1] |
| Sekutu | |
| Musuh | |
Crips adalah sebuah geng Afrika Amerika yang berpengaruh, tetapi tidak eksklusif. Geng ini didirikan di Los Angeles, California pada tahun 1969 oleh Raymond Washington Dan Stanley Williams. Dulu Crips merupakan aliansi tunggal antara dua geng yang berbeda, sekarang menjadi jaringan set individu yang sering terlibat dalam perang terbuka satu sama lain.
Crips merupakan salah stau asosiasi geng jalanan terbesar dan terkejam di Amerika Serikat,[23] dengan perkiraan 30.000 hingga 35.000 anggota.[4] Geng ini dikenal terlibat dalam pembunuhan, perampokan, dan perdagangan obat-obatan.[1] Anggota geng ini bisa dikenali dari baju birunya. Praktik ini semakin berkurang karena polisi sering menggerebek para anggota geng.
Crips sudah diketahui luas bermusuhan dengan Bloods dan sejumlah geng Chicano. Crips dilaporkan menyusup dalam tubuh militer A.S., di pangkalan-pangkalan Amerika Serikat dan luar negeri.[24]
Lihat pula
suntingCatatan kaki
sunting- ^ a b c d "Criminal Street Gangs" Diarsipkan February 1, 2021, di Wayback Machine., United States Department of Justice (May 12, 2015)
- ^ Matt Kwong (January 19, 2015), "Canada's gang hotspots — are you in one?" Diarsipkan April 20, 2021, di Wayback Machine., Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
- ^ "How the US Exported a Bloods and Crips Gang War to Belize". July 15, 2021. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal March 31, 2023. Diakses tanggal March 31, 2023.
- ^ a b "Appendix B. National-Level Street, Prison, and Outlaw Motorcycle Gang Profiles – Attorney General's Report to Congress on the Growth of Violent Street Gangs in Suburban Areas (UNCLASSIFIED)". www.justice.gov. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal June 1, 2022. Diakses tanggal March 21, 2017.
- ^ "In our world, killing is easy': Latin Kings part of a web of organized crime alliances, say former gangsters and law enforcement officials". MassLive. December 28, 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal December 18, 2021. Diakses tanggal 18 December 2021.
- ^ "Major Prison Gangs(continued)". Gangs and Security Threat Group Awareness. Florida Department of Corrections. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal March 12, 2010. Diakses tanggal June 21, 2009.
- ^ Gilbert, Jarrod. "The rise and development of gangs in New Zealand" (PDF). Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal October 19, 2016. Diakses tanggal 23 September 2023.
- ^ "Los Angeles-based Gangs — Bloods and Crips". Florida Department of Corrections. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal October 27, 2002. Diakses tanggal June 21, 2009.
- ^ Echo Day (December 12, 2019), "Here's what we know about the Gangster Disciple governor who was sentenced to 10 years in prison" Diarsipkan February 1, 2021, di Wayback Machine., The Leader
- ^ "Juggalos: Emerging Gang Trends and Criminal Activity Intelligence Report" (PDF). Info.publicintelligence.net. February 15, 2011. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal January 29, 2020. Diakses tanggal December 11, 2017.
- ^ Michael Roberts (July 10, 2015), "Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs Recruiting Military? Report Cites Colorado Murder" Diarsipkan October 6, 2021, di Wayback Machine., Westword
- ^ "Los Angeles Gangs and Hate Crimes" Diarsipkan July 30, 2017, di Wayback Machine., Police Law Enforcement Magazine, February 29, 2008
- ^ Montaldo, Charles (2014). "The Aryan Brotherhood: Profile of One of the Most Notorious Prison Gangs". About.com. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal July 21, 2016. Diakses tanggal July 2, 2017.
- ^ Rhian Daly (May 1, 2019), Rival gangs Crips And Bloods talk "historic" coming together following Nipsey Hussle's murder" Diarsipkan November 12, 2020, di Wayback Machine., NME
- ^ Sam Quinones (October 18, 2007), "Gang rivalry grows into race war" Diarsipkan January 13, 2021, di Wayback Machine., Los Angeles Times
- ^ Brad Hamilton (October 28, 2007), "Gangs of New York" Diarsipkan February 5, 2021, di Wayback Machine., New York Post
- ^ "Gang Information" Diarsipkan February 5, 2021, di Wayback Machine., bethlehem-pa.gov (2019)
- ^ People v. Parsley Diarsipkan January 14, 2021, di Wayback Machine., Court Listener (August 11, 2016)
- ^ Herbert C. Covey (2015), Crips and Bloods: A Guide to an American Subculture Diarsipkan April 9, 2023, di Wayback Machine.
- ^ "Not on our turf: California gangs create havoc here",[pranala nonaktif permanen], Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, July 28, 1994.
- ^ "Bloods Gang Members Sentenced to Life in Prison for Racketeering Conspiracy Involving Murder and Other Crimes" Diarsipkan March 18, 2021, di Wayback Machine., United States Department of Justice (October 27, 2020)
- ^ Ben Ehrenreich (July 21, 1999), "Ganging up in Venice" Diarsipkan January 19, 2021, di Wayback Machine., LA Weekly
- ^ U.S. Department of Justice, Crips.
- ^ "Gangs Increasing in Military, FBI Says". Military.com. McClatchy-Tribune Information Services. 2008-06-30. Diakses tanggal 2009-06-21.
Bahan bacaan
sunting- National Drug Intelligence Center (2002). Drugs and Crime: Gang Profile: Crips (PDF). U.S. Department of Justice. Diakses tanggal 2009-06-21. Product no. 2002-M0465-001.
Pranala luar
sunting
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Crips.
- History of Crip Gangs in LA early formation of Los Angeles Crips
- PBS Independent Lens program on South Los Angeles gangs
- Snopes Urban Legend – The origin of the name Crips
- L.A.-based gangs Diarsipkan 2002-10-27 di Library of Congress Web Archives – An overview of LA-based gangs
- 2008 interview with Raymond Washington's mother[pranala nonaktif permanen]
