็พ | |
|---|---|
 Gambar utusan Dengzhi, sebuah kelompok etnis Qiang, abad ke-6 Masehi | |
| Daerah dengan populasi signifikan | |
| Tiongkok Kuno |
Qiang (Hanzi: ็พ; Pinyin: Qiฤng; WadeโGiles: Ch'iang) adalah sebuah nama yang diberikan kepada berbagai kelompok suku pada periode berbeda di Tiongkok kuno. Bangsa Qiang umumnya dianggap berdarah Tibeto-Burma,[1][2][3][4][5] meskipun terdapat teori lainnya.
Suku Tangut dari zaman dinasti Tang, dinasti Song dan dinasti yuan berasal dari keturunan Qiang.[1] Suku Qiang modern serta suku Tibet juga sebagian diturunkan dari Qiang kuno.[6]
Catatan kaki
sunting- ^ a b Edwin G. Pulleyblank (1983). "Chapter 14 - The Chinese and Their Neighbors in Prehistoric and Early Historic Times". Dalam David Keightley (ed.). The Origins of Chinese Civilization. University of California Press. ISBNย 0-520-04229-8.
- ^ UNESCO (1996-12-31). History of Humanity: From the Seventh Century B.C. to the Seventh Century A.D. (dalam bahasa Inggris). UNESCO Publishing. ISBNย 978-92-3-102812-0.
- ^ Chen, Sanping (2012-04-17). Multicultural China in the Early Middle Ages (dalam bahasa Inggris). University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBNย 978-0-8122-0628-9.
- ^ Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (2010-01-25). The Cambridge Illustrated History of China (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. ISBNย 978-0-521-12433-1.
- ^ Cosmo, Nicola Di; Wyatt, Don J. (2005-08-16). Political Frontiers, Ethnic Boundaries and Human Geographies in Chinese History (dalam bahasa Inggris). Routledge. ISBNย 978-1-135-79095-0.
- ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda
<ref>tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernamaSouth-West China
Referensi
sunting- Cosmo, Nicola Di (2002), Ancient China and Its Enemies, Cambridge University Press
- Cosmo, Nicola di (2009), Military Culture in Imperial China, Harvard University Press
- Crespigny, Rafe de (2007), A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms, Brill
- Crespigny, Rafe de (2010), Imperial Warlord, Brill
- Crespigny, Rafe de (2017), Fire Over Luoyang: A History of the Later Han Dynasty, 23-220 AD, Brill
- LaPolla, Randy (2003), A Grammar of Qiang, Mouton Gruyter
- Kang, Xiaofei (2016), Contesting the Yellow Dragon
- Twitchett, Denis (1994), "The Liao", The Cambridge History of China, Volume 6, Alien Regime and Border States, 907-1368, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, hlm.ย 43โ153, ISBNย 0521243319
- Twitchett, Denis (2008), The Cambridge History of China: Volume 1, Cambridge University Press
- Wen, Maotao (2014). The Creation of the Qiang Ethnicity, its Relation to the Rme People and the Preservation of Rme Language (Master thesis). Duke University.
- Wagner, Donald B. (2008), Science and Civilization in China Volume 5-11: Ferrous Metallurgy, Cambridge University Press
- West, Barbara A. (2009), Encyclopedia of Peoples of Asia and Oceania, Facts on File
- Whiting, Marvin C. (2002), Imperial Chinese Military History, Writers Club Press
