Artikel ini membutuhkan rujukan tambahan agar kualitasnya dapat dipastikan. (Juli 2024) |
Kelompok hooligan (lebih dikenal sebagai pendukung sepak bola) adalah grup yang berpartisipasi dalam melakukan hooliganisme sepak bola di negara Eropa. Untuk kelompok sepak bola di Amerika Latin, lihat barra brava dan torcida organizada.
Australia
sunting- Melbourne Heart FC: Yarraside[1]
- Melbourne Victory FC: Horda[1]
Kroasia
sunting- Dinamo Zagreb โ Bad Blue Boys
- Hajduk Split - Torcida Split, White Boys[2]
- Rijeka - Armada Rijeka[3]
Denmark
sunting- AC Horsens - Horsens Casuals [4]
- AGF โ White Pride,[5] Aarhus Casuals [6]
- Aab - Aalborg Frontline, Aalborg Casual Youth [7]
- Brรธndby IF โ South Side United,[8] Blue Front,[9] Yellow Blue Crew [10]
- Esbjerg fB - Esbjerg Supras [11]
- F.C. Kรธbenhavn โ Copenhagen Casuals,[8] Copenhagen Casuals Young Boys[12]
- HIK - HIK Hooligans [13]
- Lyngby Boldklub โ Blue Army[14]
- Nรฆstved Boldklub - Green City Casuals [7]
- FC Nordsjรฆlland - Dynamo Nord [15]
Inggris
sunting- Aldershot Town โ A Company[16]
- Arsenal โ The Gooners, The Herd[17]
- Aston Villa โ Villa Youth, Steamers, Villa Hardcore, C-Crew[18]
- Barnsley - Barnsley Five-Os, Tarn Army.
- Birmingham City โ Zulus [Second City Crusaders/SCC][19]
- Blackpool โ The Muckers[20]
- Bolton Wanderers - Cuckoo Boys, Bolton Service Youth[21]
- Bradford City โ The Ointment[22]
- Brentford โ Ealing Road Army, Brentford Youth Element[23]
- Bristol Rovers โ Gas Hit Squad[24]
- Bristol City โ City Service Firm[24]
- Burnley โ Suicide Squad[25]
- Carlisle United โ Border City Firm[26]
- Charlton Athletic โ Cockney Firestarters, B Mob[27]
- Chelsea โ Headhunters[28]
- Coventry City โ The Legion[29]
- Crystal Palace - Dirty 30[30]
- Derby County โ Derby Lunatic Fringe[31]
- Everton โ County Road Cutters[32]
- Fulham โ Thames Valley Travellers[33]
- Grimsby Town โ Cleethorpes Beach Patrol, Grimsby Hit Squad[34]
- Huddersfield Town โ Huddersfield Young Casuals[35]
- Hull City โ Hull City Psychos[36]
- Ipswich Town โ Ipswich Punishment Squad[37]
- Leeds United โ Leeds United Service Crew[38]
- Leicester City โ Baby Squad[39]
- Liverpool โ The Urchins[40]
- Luton Town โ The MIGs[41]
- Manchester City โ Guvnors[42] - Pep Guardiola Army
- Manchester United โ The Red Army[43]
- Middlesbrough โ The Frontline[44]
- Millwall โ Bushwackers[45]
- Newcastle United โ Newcastle Gremlins[46]
- Nottingham Forest โ Forest Executive Crew[47]
- Norwich City โ Norwich Hit Squad, Under 5's[48]
- Oldham Athletic โ Fine Young Casuals[49]
- Oxford United โ South Midlands Hit Squad[50]
- Peterborough United โ Blue Division[51]
- Plymouth Argyle โ The Central Element[52]
- Portsmouth โ 6.57 Crew[53]
- Preston North End โ Preston Para Squad[54]
- Queens Park Rangers โ Bushbabies[55]
- Shrewsbury Town - English Border Front[55]
- Sheffield United โ Blades Business Crew[56][57]
- Sheffield Wednesday โ Owls Crime Squad (OCS), Is That It (ITI)[58]
- Southend United โ CS Crew[59]
- Stoke City โ Naughty Forty[60]
- Sunderland โ Seaburn Casuals[46]
- Swindon Town โ The Aggro Boys; Swindon Active Service (SAS)[61]
- Tottenham Hotspur โ Yid Army[62]
- Tranmere Rovers - TSB (Tranmere Stanley Boys)[63]
- West Bromwich Albion โ Section Five[64]
- West Ham United โ Inter City Firm[65]
- Wolverhampton Wanderers โ Subway Army[66]
- York City โ York Nomad Society[67]
Finlandia
suntingPrancis
sunting- Paris Saint-Germain โ Commando Pirate,[69] Casual Firm, Indรฉpendants[70][71]
- Lille OSC - LOSC Army,[72]
Jerman
sunting- Borussia Dortmund - Frontline, Northside[73]
- SG Dynamo Dresden - Hooligans Elbflorenz[74]
- SG Eintracht Frankfurt - Adlerfront[75]
- Werder Bremen - Standarte Bremen[76]
- Borussia Mรถnchengladbach - Alte Kameradschaft MG, Frontline[77]
Indonesia
sunting- Persib Bandung - Flowers City Casuals (FCC 05) - TS1 Crew - Second Squad - Bandung Shield Brigade (B.S.B.) - Central Soul Crew (C.S.C.)
- Madiun Putra FC - Great Bull Boys (GBB) - 722 Crew - Madiun City Casuals - Sudirman Street Elite
- Arema FC - Movement (MVMNT 2000) -HelG4te(1994) MadLionFirm bawok (2010)-MLC-BlimbingHam Tempek, Sompel elek , Sompel Basin Peyek Frim Hoolgan kriuk kriuk, Sompel kicau mania, Goder arema, arema tempek basin, Yuli sompel tambal ban
- Arek Malang Indonesia - North tempek ta iki
- PPSM Magelang - Timur Gate 1 (G1)
- PSB Bogor - Bogor Biru Troopers (BBT)
- PSCS Cilacap - The North Hell
- PSIM Yogyakarta - Hooligans 1997 - Student City Casuals (SCC) - Jogjakartans
- PSIS Semarang - Hooligans 1932 - Atlas City Casuals
- PSKC Cimahi - Green Troops - Cimahi Brigade
- PSM Makassar - M15 Firm
- PSS Sleman - Brigata Curva Sud (BCS) - Red Terrace Alliance - Babarsari Boys 2012
- Persebaya Surabaya - Gate 3 Up - Heroes City Casuals - Fighter Crew (FC27) -
- Persija Jakarta - Tiger Bois 16 (TB16) - Tiger Head (TH) - Sick Boys - Jakartans - SEC5TOR - Suburban 32 Lads (SL32)
- Persikab Bandung - Green Wolf
- Persis Solo - Surakartans - BOYS 1923 - First Mangkoenegoro (FM1923) - East Gate Crew 678
- Persik Kediri - Tofu City Terrace
- Persikasi Bekasi - BEKASI FIRM CITY - Tamsel Crew 22 (TC22)
- Persigar Garut - Garland (G72)
- PSIW Wonosobo - Dieng Street Crew (DSC) - Kaliwiro Hools
- PSMS Medan - SMACK HOOLIGAN
- Persema Manado - Bitung Pride - Hawkeye Terrace
- Persiraja Banda Aceh - The Cut Nyak Dhien (TCND) - Sabang Lads
- Persinga Ngawi - Geng Rembol Warrior (GRW) - Ngawi City Firm (NCF) - +958 Ngawi Lad's Crew
Belanda
sunting- FC Den Haag - Midden Noord, North Side, HJK, HJF[78]
- AFC Ajax - AFCA, F-side, Vak-M, AFCA YOUTH, AFCA 4TH[79][79][80]
- AZ - Ben-Side, Ben-Side Youth[81][82]
- SC Cambuur - M.I.-Side, TNG, LWD Youth[83]
- FC Den Bosch - M-Side, Youth Vandals, DB Youth,[84]
- FC Dordrecht - Dike-Side, Island-Defenders, DYF[85]
- Go Ahead Eagles - B-Side, Vak-O, DJK, RDH, Deventer Youth[86]
- De Graafschap - Spin-Side, DTC Youth[87]
- FC Groningen - Z-Side, GHC, JKG[88]
- Feyenoord - Vak-S, S.C.F., FIIIR, DEF[89][90]
- Fortuna Sittard - N-Side, CFS [91]
- HFC Haarlem - North-Side, Blue White Army
- Helmond Sport - AA-Side, NFH [92]
- MVV Maastricht - Angel-Side, SFM[93]
- NAC Breda - B-Side, Vak-G[94]
- NEC - East Side, HKN[95]
- PSV - L-Side, Oostfront, EJK, EFC[96]
- Roda JC - NSC, NSC Youth [97]
- Sparta Rotterdam - S.Y.C.
- FC Twente - Vak-P, THF[92]
- FC Utrecht - Bunnik-Side, Vak-J, UHF, NSU[98]
- Vitesse - Rijnfront (RFA), RFJK[99]
- Willem II - King-Side, OSM, Tilburg Youth[100]
- PEC Zwolle - S-Side, Vandas-Noord, Zwolsfront, Vandas Youth [101]
Irlandia Utara
suntingNorwegia
sunting- Aalesunds FK / SPK Rollon โ Blue Army Aalesund / Blue Army Rollon[103]
- Fredrikstad FK โ Brigade Rรธd Hvit (BRH)[104]
- Ham-Kam โ Briskebys Beste Borgere (BBB)[105]
- I.K. Start โ Christianssands Herreekvipasje (CHE)[106]
- Lillestrรธm SK โ Sportsklubbens fineste (SKF)[107]
- S.K. Brann โ Bergen Casuals (TGB)[108]
- Viking FK โ Stavanger Yngre (SYC)[109]
- Vรฅlerenga I.F. Fotball โ Isko Boys, Enga Casuals, Enga Yngre (IB,EC,EY)[110]
Polandia
sunting- Arka Gdynia โ Mลoda Arka[111]
- Cracovia โ Jude Gang[111]
- Gรณrnik Zabrze - Torcida[112]
- Lech Poznaล โ Brygada Banici;[111] Young Freaks '98[113]
- Lechia Gdaลsk โ Mลode Orลy[111]
- Legia Warszawa โ Tedy Boys'95, Turyลci'97[111]
- Pogoล Szczecin โ Terror Corps[111]
- Ruch Chorzรณw โ Psycho Fans[111]
- ลlฤ sk Wrocลaw โ Nabojka, Fighters[111]
- Widzew ลรณdลบ โ Destroyers[111]
- Wisลa Krakรณw โ Sharks[111]
- Zagลฤbie Sosnowiec - Zagลฤbie Sosnowiec Hooligans[111]
Rusia
sunting- CSKA Moscow โ Gallant Steeds, Yaroslavka[114]
- Spartak Moscow โ Gladiators Firm '96[114]
- Zenit Saint Petersburg โ Music Hall[114]
Skotlandia
sunting- Aberdeen โ Aberdeen Soccer Casuals,[115] Under 5s[116]
- Airdrie United โ Section B,[117] Red Army Firm[118]
- Arbroath โ Arbroath Soccer Crew[118]
- Ayr - Ayr Service Crew[119]
- Celtic โ Celtic Soccer Crew,[120] Roman Catholic Casuals,[121] Celtic Soccer Babes[122]
- Dundee - Dundee Soccer Crew,[118]
- Dundee United - Tannadice Trendies[118]
- Dundee & Dundee United โ The Utility,[115][123] Alliance Under Fives,[118]
- Dunfermline โ Carnegie Soccer Service[118]
- Falkirk โ Falkirk Fear[124]
- Greenock Morton โ Morton Soccer Crew,[125] Morton Youth[126]
- Heart of Midlothian โ Casual Soccer Firm,[127] Gorgie Boot Boys,[128] Gorgie Aggro,[129] Shed Boys,[130] Hearts Service Crew[131]
- Hibernian โ Capital City Service,[127] Blackleys Baby Crew,[132] The Family,[133] Hibs Baby Crew[134]
- Kilmarnock - Paninaro[119]
- Montrose โ Portland Bill Seaside Squad[135]
- Motherwell โ Saturday Service,[115] Tufty Club, Soccer Shorties, Nu-Kru[118]
- Raith Rovers โ Kirkcaldy Soccer Casuals, Kirkcaldy Baby Crew[118]
- Rangers โ Inter City Firm,[136] Her Majestyโs Service[118]
- St Johnstone โ Fair City Firm, Mainline Baby Squad,[118] Perth Pack[137]
- St. Mirren โ Love Street Division[120]
- Stirling Albion - Stirling Family, Stirling Juvenile Division[119]
Swedia
sunting- AIK โ Firman Boys,[138][139] Young Boys,[138] Baby Boys[140][141]
- BS BolticGรถta/Degerfors IF/Fรคrjestads BK โ Vรคrmlandsalliansen[142]
- Djurgรฅrdens IF โ Djurgรฅrdens Fina Grabbar (DFG),[138] Djurgรฅrdens Yngre Grabbar,[138] Djurgรฅrdens Mindre Grabbar[138]
- GAIS โ Gรคrningsmรคnnen,[143] GAIS Yngre[143] GAIS Babys[138]
- IFK Gรถteborg โ Wisemen,[138] Gothenburg Youth Division[138] Youth crew Gothenburg[138] Gothenburg United[138]
- Kalmar FF โ Kalmarfamiljen[144]
- Hammarby IF โ Kompisgรคnget Bajen (KGB),[138][145]
- Helsingborgs IF โ Frontline,[141]
- Linkรถpings HC โ Cluben Casuals[146]
- Malmรถ FF โ True Rockers[141]
- รrgryte IS - Red fans klan[147]
Wales
sunting- Cardiff City โ Soul Crew[148]
- Swansea City โ Jack Army[149]
Rujukan
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- ^ Lowles, Nick (2005). Hooligans: A-L of Britain's Football Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. hlm.ย 86. ISBNย 1-903854-41-5.
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- ^ Porter, Andrew (2005). Suicide Squad: The story of a hooligan firm. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBNย 978-1-903854-46-4.
- ^ Dodd, Paul (1998-11-13). England's Number One: The Great Adventures of a Serial Soccer Yob. PIG Publishing. ISBNย 1-903854-41-5.
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- ^ Ward, Colin (2000). Armed for the Match: The Troubles and Trials of the Chelsea Headhunters. London: Headline Books. ISBNย 0-7472-6292-6.
- ^ Lowles, Nick (2005). Hooligans: A-L of Britain's Football Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. hlm.ย 174. ISBNย 1-903854-41-5.
- ^ "Offside, 22 August | Duleep Allirajah | spiked". Spiked-online.com. 2012-03-29. Diakses tanggal 2012-04-02.
- ^ "Match ban after football violence". BBC News. 29 November 2004. Diakses tanggal 2007-04-04.
- ^ Nicholls, Andy (2004). Scally: Confessions of a Category C Football Hooligan. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBNย 1-903854-25-3.
- ^ Lowles, Nick (September 2005). Hooligans The A-L of Britain's Football Hooligan Gangs. Vol.ย 1. Milo Books Ltd. hlm.ย 222. ISBNย 1-903854-41-5. ;
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- ^ "Bremner statue targeted by vandals". Huddersfield Daily. Diakses tanggal 2008-03-15.
- ^ Tordoff, Shaun (2002). City Psychos: From the Monte Carlo Mob to the Silver Cod Squad, Four Decades of Terrace Terror. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBNย 1-903854-13-X.
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- ^ Lowles, Nick (2005). Hooligans: The A-L of Britain's Football Hooligan Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. hlm.ย 305. ISBNย 1-903854-41-5.
- ^ Robinson, Tommy (2006). MIG Down. Pennant Books Ltd. ISBNย 978-0-9550394-0-9.
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- ^ O'Neill, Tony (2004). Red Army General: The Inside Story of the World's Most Infamous Football Firm. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBNย 1-903854-32-6.
- ^ Debrick, Paul (2005). The Brick: A Hooligan's Story. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBNย 1-903854-47-4.
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- ^ Clarke, Gary (2005). The Red Barmy Army Firm. Headhunter. ISBNย 978-0-9548542-3-2.
- ^ Nicholls, Andy (2006). Hooligans Volume 2: The M-Z of Britain's Football Hooligan gangs. London: Milo Books. ISBNย 1-903854-64-4.
- ^ "Hooligans troublespots - Oldham Athletic". BBC News. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-13.
- ^ Wilkinson, Matt (12 July 2007). "Oxford United thug banned". thisisoxfordshire.co.uk. Diakses tanggal 2009-03-16.
- ^ "Posh Hooligans - Peterborough United". s-xpress. Diakses tanggal 2011-12-22.[pranala nonaktif permanen]
- ^ "Five jailed over attack on fans". BBC News. 18 September 2005. Diakses tanggal 2007-07-21.
- ^ Pennant, Cass (2004). Rolling with the 6.57 Crew. Blake Publishing. ISBNย 978-1-84454-072-3.
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- ^ "Hooligans troublespots - Sheffield United". BBC News. 2002. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-13.
- ^ Cowens, Steve (2001). Blades Business Crew: The Inside Story of a Football Hooligan Gang. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBNย 978-0-9530847-8-4.
- ^ - Allen, Paul (2005). Flying with the Owls Crime Squad. London: John Blake. ISBNย 1-84454-093-6.
- ^ "South Essex: We'll stop Euro 2004 hooligans". Clacton Gazette. 23 March 2004-03. Diakses tanggal 2008-05-25.
- ^ McMullan, Laura (1 October 2003). "Reformed Naughty Forty hooligan tells his tale". BBC. Diakses tanggal 2007-01-01.
- ^ "Not so beautiful". Swindon Advertiser. 21 June 2006. Diakses tanggal 2008-02-14.
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- ^ Kelly, John (19 May 2002). "Woz on the telly: Bunch of cowards". The Sunday Mirror. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-13.
- ^ Pennant, Cass (2003). Congratulations You Have Just Met the ICF. Blake Publishing. ISBNย 978-1-904034-85-8.
- ^ "Hooligans troublespots - Wolverhampton Wanderers". BBC News. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-13.
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- ^ Pugmire, Jerome (20 April 2006). "Racist insults infiltrate French soccer stadium". The Boston Bay State Banner. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2006-07-15. Diakses tanggal 2006-11-09.
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- ^ "ADO Den Haag en Midden-Noord is wat telt (in Dutch)". Groengelbhart.nl. Diakses tanggal 2013-04-06.
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- ^ "Ajax hooligan Rick H heb veel leed veroorzaakt (in Dutch)". RTL News. Diakses tanggal 2013-04-06.
- ^ "Red White Fanatics (De sfeermakers bij AZ) (in Dutch)". Redwhitefanatics.nl. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2013-10-26. Diakses tanggal 2013-04-06.
- ^ [victoria-alkmaar.nl/ "Supportersbeweging Victoria Alkmaar (in Dutch)"]. Victoria Alkmaar. Diakses tanggal 2013-04-06.
- ^ "De Slaapende Reus Ontwaakt! (in Dutch)". MI-Side.nl. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2011-10-17. Diakses tanggal 2013-04-06.
- ^ "Euforie in Den Bosch na spectaculaire bekerzege op FC Twente (in Dutch)". Omroep Brabant. Diakses tanggal 2013-04-06.
- ^ "Klaus de Vlaming Lid van Verdienste (in Dutch)". Fcdordrecht.nl. Diakses tanggal 2013-04-06.
- ^ "Rellen Eagles-Ajax 21-07-07".
- ^ "Brigata Tifosi stand your ground! (in Dutch)". In De Hekken. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2012-12-20. Diakses tanggal 2013-04-06.
- ^ "Z-side pikt verbanning niet (in Dutch)". Trotsvanhetnoorden.nl. Diakses tanggal 2013-04-06.
- ^ "Insanity from Rotterdam". BBC News. 2002-03-03.
- ^ "Interview with Feyenoord-Casuals". hoolsworld.net. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2013-11-05. Diakses tanggal 2013-04-06.
- ^ {{Cite web|url=http://www.fortunahome.com Diarsipkan 2008-05-12 di Wayback Machine.
- ^ a b Whyatt, Chris (2008-08-13). "McClaren's new charges". BBC News. Diakses tanggal 2010-05-08.
- ^ "Interview met Snuf, voorganger van Ultras Mestreech (in Dutch)". Laboratoire Insanitรฉ. Diakses tanggal 2013-04-06.
- ^ "Goed NAC in slotfase onderuit (in Dutch)". B Side Rats. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2013-06-16. Diakses tanggal 2013-04-06.
- ^ "NEC levendige discussie tussen supporters bij de eerste training van Saรฏdi Ntibazonkiza (in Dutch)". De Gelderlander. Diakses tanggal 2013-04-06.
- ^ "Sfeergroep Lighttown Madness organiseert PSV-feest (in Dutch)". PSV.nl. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2014-12-30. Diakses tanggal 2013-04-06.
- ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZS3EHyx6zp0.
- ^ "Steun FC Utrecht tegen FC Twente vanaf Bunnikside (in Dutch)". FCUtrecht.nl. Diakses tanggal 2013-04-06.
- ^ "Rijnfront Vitesse Arnhem (in Dutch)". Plaats.nl. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2013-06-16. Diakses tanggal 2013-04-06.
- ^ "Een Volle KingSide Vol achter Willem II (in Dutch)". Tilbo.com. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2014-05-19. Diakses tanggal 2013-04-06.
- ^ {{Cite web|url=http://www.vandasnoord.nl Diarsipkan 2013-07-02 di Wayback Machine.
- ^ "Police closing in on vicious gang". Belfast Telegraph. 6 April 2008. Diakses tanggal 7 Oct 2010.
- ^ Hjelvik, Eirik (13 June 2006). "Utestenger supportere etter vold" (dalam bahasa (Norwegia)). Alltidfotball. Diakses tanggal 2008-08-14. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link) [pranala nonaktif]
- ^ Johnsen, Nilas (4 May 2008). "Politiets informasjon angรฅende casuals" (PDF) (dalam bahasa (Norwegia)). Politiet. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 2008-10-31. Diakses tanggal 2008-05-04. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
- ^ Johnsen, Nilas (6 May 2008). "Nytt fenomen i Hamar" (dalam bahasa (Norwegia)). VG. Diakses tanggal 2008-05-05. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
- ^ Olsen, Thomas. "Vi ble tatt pรฅ senga" (dalam bahasa (Norwegia)). Nettavissen. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2007-10-25. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-27. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
- ^ Lie, Kyrre (10 April 2008). "Kanarifansen vil rydde opp" (dalam bahasa (Norwegia)). Adressa. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2008-04-12. Diakses tanggal 2008-08-11. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
- ^ Olsen, Bjรธrn Thomas (2006-04-30). "Gjengoppgjรธr midt i sentrum" (dalam bahasa (Norwegia)). Bergensavisen. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2007-07-06. Diakses tanggal 2007-09-16. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
- ^ Tom, Grรธnvik (2008-05-06). "Overvรฅker fotballpรธblene" (dalam bahasa (Norwegia)). VG. Diakses tanggal 2008-05-04. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
- ^ Johnsen, Nilas= (2006-12-05). "Fotballpรธblene truer klubben" (dalam bahasa (Norwegia)). Dagsavisen. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2011-08-28. Diakses tanggal 2007-10-11. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Chuligani i szalikowcy. Trochฤ prawdy o kibicach" (dalam bahasa Polish). Gazeta Gydnia. 2006-05-08. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2007-12-06. Diakses tanggal 2007-10-05. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
- ^ "Psycho Fans, Nucleo Ultra, Zabole 1948, Torcida". www.footballderbies.com.
- ^ Woziลska, Ewa. "Niech zwyciฤลผa Lech!" (dalam bahasa Polish). Gazeta Poznaลska. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
- ^ a b c "Episode 8: Russia". The Real Football Factories International. Episode 8. ;
- ^ a b c Didcock, Barry (8 May 2005). "Casuals: The Lost Tribe of Britain". Sunday Herald. Diakses tanggal 2006-10-13.
- ^ They 're back: Billy Briggs The Herald 14th January 2006 http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/they-re-back-second-generation-of-football-hooligans-menace-terraces-sons-of-notorious-casuals-organise-clashes-in-europe-1.32012 "Aberdeen Soccer Casuals/ Under 5s - This group has followed Aberdeen for more than 20 years and has been involved in serious disorder all over Europe."
- ^ Dowdalls, Alex (17 November 2006). "Airdrie fan banned from every UK football ground". The Scotsman. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-05.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Redhead, Steve. "Terrace Terrors and glamourous hooligans: Post-Subcultural Criminology and the Memoirs of Football Hooligan Crews" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 2011-08-13. Diakses tanggal 27 June 2011.
- ^ a b c Terrace Originals, British lad cultures,Scotland http://www.terraceoriginals.com/pages/british-lad-cultures.html Diarsipkan 2015-07-03 di Wayback Machine.
- ^ a b O'Kene, John (10 September 2006). "No beef with United in my 21 years in Celtic hooligan firm". Edinburgh: Scotsman. Diakses tanggal 2007-04-26.
- ^ Ferguson C (1987) pp 89 Bring Out Your Riot Gear โ Hearts are here! Gorgie Aggro 1981-1986. S T Publishing (August 16, 1999) Edinburgh: ISBN 978-0-9535920-0-5
- ^ CURSE OF THE CASUALS DAY 7 Andrew Walker & Richard Elias Daily Record 22nd April 2003 http://www.thefreelibrary.com/CURSE+OF+THE+CASUALS+DAY+7+%3a+LESSONS+IN+HATE%3b+Senior+casuals...-a0100435619 "Hooligans who follow Celtic often "graduated" in the school of soccer thuggery through the Celtic Soccer Babes."
- ^ Dundee FC and Dundee United do not have separate firms, Dundee Utility is the firm for both teams
- ^ Lowles, Nick (2005). Hooligans: A-L of Britain's Football Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. hlm.ย 221โ222. ISBNย 1-903854-41-5.
- ^ Lowles, Nick (2005). Hooligans: A-L of Britain's Football Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. hlm.ย 242. ISBNย 1-903854-41-5.
- ^ They 're back: Billy Briggs The Herald 14th January 2006 http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/they-re-back-second-generation-of-football-hooligans-menace-terraces-sons-of-notorious-casuals-organise-clashes-in-europe-1.32012 "A number of other football clubs ........and Morton (Morton Youth) have had problems with hooligan firms."
- ^ a b McEwen, Alan (24 October 2006). "Police hunt city derby casuals". The Scotsman. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-05.
- ^ Ferguson C (1987) pp 16 Bring Out Your Riot Gear โ Hearts are here! Gorgie Aggro 1981-1986. S T Publishing (August 16, 1999) Edinburgh: ISBN 978-0-9535920-0-5
- ^ Ferguson C (1987) Bring Out Your Riot Gear โ Hearts are here! Gorgie Aggro 1981-1986. S T Publishing (August 16, 1999) Edinburgh: ISBN 978-0-9535920-0-5
- ^ Ferguson C (1987) pp 41 Bring Out Your Riot Gear โ Hearts are here! Gorgie Aggro 1981-1986. S T Publishing (August 16, 1999) Edinburgh: ISBN 978-0-9535920-0-5
- ^ pp 55 Ferguson C (1987) pp 16 Bring Out Your Riot Gear โ Hearts are here! Gorgie Aggro 1981-1986. S T Publishing (August 16, 1999) Edinburgh: ISBN 978-0-9535920-0-5
- ^ pp 47 Dykes, Derek (26 May 2008). These Colours Don't Run: Inside the Hibs Capital City Service. Fort Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-905769-12-4.
- ^ pp 43 Blance, Andy (24 September 2009). Hibs Boy. Fort Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-905769-15-5.
- ^ pp 101 Dykes, Derek (26 May 2008). These Colours Don't Run: Inside the Hibs Capital City Service. Fort Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-905769-12-4.
- ^ Pattullo, Alan (13 November 2005). "Gable Endies prove they're built to last after 125 years not out". Edinburgh: Scotsman. Diakses tanggal 2009-03-06.
- ^ O'Kane, John (10 September 2005). "No beef with United in my 21 years in Celtic hooligan firm". Edinburgh: Scotsman. Diakses tanggal 2007-04-26.
- ^ Hampden Babylon Stuart Cosgrove Canongate Books Ltd (15 Nov 2002) ISBN 978-1-84195-333-5
- ^ Mikael Priks (1 June 2007). "Are thugs affected by external nuisance? Evidence from the Swedish hooligan scene" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 2008-10-31. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-21. ;
- ^ Walmsley, Andrew (8 August 2007). "Social nuances hold sway in search (30 seconds on hooliganism)". TMCnet News. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-21.
- ^ a b c Orrenius, Johan (3 September 2006). "Enorma slagsmรฅl och droger". Expressen. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2013-04-18. Diakses tanggal 2006-09-03.
- ^ Karlsson, Emil (13 November 2006). "Kicken รคr obeskrivlig". Expressen. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2013-04-18. Diakses tanggal 2006-11-13.
- ^ a b Askerup, Fredrik (22 October 2005). "Huliganlivet: Vรฅld, droger och dyra mรคrkesklรคder". Gรถteborgs-Posten. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2007-09-30. Diakses tanggal 2006-09-03.
- ^ "Vรฅldet nรคrmar sig Kalmar FF". Sveriges Radio. 22 October 2005. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2007-09-30. Diakses tanggal 2006-09-03.
- ^ "Suporterpolisen: "Det รคr sรฅ hรคr de gรถr"". Diarsipkan dari " asli tanggal 2011-10-06. Diakses tanggal 12 Jan 2011.
- ^ "Ny "firma" bakom vรฅld vid LHC-matcher". รstgรถta Correspondenten. 10 January 2006. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2012-07-17. Diakses tanggal 2012-08-03.
- ^ "Huliganledaren: "Inte vi som gjorde det"". Diarsipkan dari " asli tanggal 2011-07-23. Diakses tanggal 20 Apr 2010.
- ^ "Cardiff and the hooligan element". BBC News. 2003-05-17. Diakses tanggal 2007-05-05.
- ^ King, Martin (2007-11-08). The Swansea Jacks: From Skinheads to Stone Island - Forty Years of One of Britain's Most Notorious Hooligan Gangs. Manchester: Headhunter Books. ISBNย 1-906085-05-6.
Daftar pustaka
suntingBuku
- Arifin, Yusuf Dalipin (2017). Dongeng dari Negeri Bola. Yogyakarta: Indie Book Corner. ISBNย 978-602-3092-89-5. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link)
- Bannon, James (2013). Running with the Firm. London: Ebury Publishing. ISBNย 978-144-8175-31-4. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL (link)
- Blaney, Colin (2013). Hotshot: The Story of a Little Red Devil, My Life as a Football Hooligan Gang Leader. Preston: Milo Books. ISBNย 978-190-8479-41-9. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL (link)
- Blaney, Colin (2014). The Undesirables: The Inside Story of the Inter City Jibbers. London: John Blake. ISBNย 978-178-4181-05-5. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL (link)
- Brown, Danny; Brittle, Paul (2006). Villains: The Inside Story of Aston Villa's Hooligan Gangs. Preston: Milo Books. ISBNย 978-190-3854-59-4. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link)
- Chester, Mark (2011). Naughty: The Story of a Football Hooligan Gang. Preston: Milo Books. ISBNย 978-190-3854-26-6. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL (link)
- Foer, Franklin (2006). Memahami Dunia Lewat Sepak Bola: Kajian Tak Lazim tentang Sosial-Politik Globalisasi. Banten: Marjin Kiri. ISBNย 978-979-9998-06-4. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL (link)
- Gall, Caroline (2009). Service Crew: The Inside Story of Leeds United's Hooligan Gangs. Preston: Milo Books. ISBNย 978-190-3854-84-6. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL (link)
- Gall, Caroline (2007). Zulus: The Story of the Zulu Warriors Football Firm. Preston: Milo Books. ISBNย 978-190-3854-53-2. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL (link)
- Layton, Michael (2015). Hunting The Hooligans: How a Covert Police Team Brought Down One of Britain's Most Violent Gangs. Preston: Milo Books. ISBNย 978-190-8479-83-9. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL (link)
- Lowles, Nick; Nicholls, Andy (2007). Hooligans: The Real History of Soccer Violence Loaded from the Aberdeen Soccer Casuals to Luton's Men in Gear the AโL of Britain's Football Hooligans Gangs. Preston: Milo Books. ISBNย 978-190-3854-63-1. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL (link)
- Mitchell, Doug (2011). Walking Down the Manny Road: Inside Bolton's Football Hooligan Gangs. Glasgow: Fort Publishing Limited. ISBNย 978-190-5769-24-7. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL (link)
- Redhead, Steve (2015). Football and Accelerated Culture: This Modern Sporting Life. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBNย 978-131-7411-55-0. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL (link)
- Reijnders, Stijn (2016). The Ashgate Research Companion to Fan Cultures. Abingdon: Taylor and Francis. ISBNย 978-131-7043-47-8. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL (link)
- Sharratt, Ben; Blows, Kirk (2012). Claret and Blue Blood: Pumping Life Into West Ham United. London: Mainstream Publishing. ISBNย 978-178-0577-64-7. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL (link)
- Smith, Mickey (2009). For The Claret and Blue. London: John Blake. ISBNย 978-184-3586-90-6. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL (link)
- Treadwell, J.; Hopkins, M. (2014). Football Hooliganism, Fan Behaviour, and Crime: Contemporary Issues. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBNย 978-113-7347-97-8. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL (link)
- Wahyudi, Hari (2009). The Land of Hooligans: Kisah Para Perusuh Sepak Bola. Yogyakarta: Garasi. ISBNย 978-979-2546-45-3. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link)
Jurnal ilmiah
- Adzkiya, Nisa; Junaedi, Fajar (September 2019). "Kerusuhan Suporter PSIM dan PSS di Stadion Sultan Agung dalam Bingkai Media Lokal Yogyakarta". Nyimak: Journal of Communication. 3 (2). ISSNย 2580-3832. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Tahun (link)
- Hendika, Firman; Nuraeni (Januari 2020). "Globalisasi Hooliganisme terhadap Suporter Sepak Bola di Indonesia". Jurnal Hubungan Internasional. 13 (1). ISSNย 2715-1565. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Tahun (link)
- Junaedi, Fajar (Juni 2014). "Amuk Suporter PSIS Semarang dalam Narasi Media". Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi. 11 (1). ISSNย 2548-8643. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Tahun (link)
- Nugroho, Bagus Indro; Ricahyono, Sigit (Desember 2014). "Hooligan Barclays Premier League: A Cultural Discourse Analysis". English Teaching Journalย : A Journal of English Literature, Language and Education. 2 (2). ISSNย 2686-4738. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Tahun (link)
Bacaan lanjutan
- Abraham, Annis (2010). The Diary of the Real Soul Crew. Oxford: Pennant Books. ISBNย 978-190-6015-53-4. Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL (link)
- Allan, Jay (2014). Bloody Casuals: Diary of a Football Hooligan. Aberdeenshire: Famedram Publishers. ISBNย 978-190-9270-91-6. Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL (link)
- Allt, Nicky (2004). Boys from the Mersey: The Story of Liverpool's Annie Road End Crew Football's First Clobbered-Up Mob. Preston: Milo Books. ISBNย 978-190-3854-24-2. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL (link)
- Cleur, Robert; Little, Steve (2019). Cockney Reds: The Story of Manchester United's Southern Army. Preston: Milo Books. ISBNย 978-190-8479-93-8. Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL (link)
- Francis, Mickey; Walsh, Peter (1997). Guvnors. Preston: Milo Books. ISBNย 978-095-3084-71-5. Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL (link)
- Moran, Carl (2015). Blazing Squad: The Inside Story of Manchester City's Young Hooligans. Manchester: Empire Publications Limited. ISBNย 978-190-9360-37-2. Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL (link)
- Pennant, Cass; Nicholls, Andy (2006). 30 Years of Hurt: The History of England's Hooligan Army. Oxford: Pennant Books. ISBNย 978-095-5039-42-3. Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL (link)
Pranala luar
sunting- Hooli-News Diarsipkan 2012-12-06 di Wayback Machine. Latest hooligan-related news and information from around the world.
- Three-part BBC2 investigation on football firms from 2002
- Running with the 'Naughty Forty', part of the BBC2 2002 investigation
