| Flatidae | |
|---|---|
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| Flatida rosea dewasa dan nimfa Ankarana Reserve, Madagaskar | |
Klasifikasi ilmiah  | |
| Kerajaan: | Animalia |
| Filum: | Arthropoda |
| Kelas: | Insecta |
| Ordo: | Hemiptera |
| Subordo: | Auchenorrhyncha |
| Infraordo: | Fulgoromorpha |
| Superfamili: | Fulgoroidea |
| Famili: | Flatidae Spinola, 1839 |
| Subfamili | |
Flatidae adalah sebuah famili wereng hijau fulgoroid dengan persebaran kosmopolitan. Seperti wereng hijau lainnya, mereka mengisap getah floem dari tumbuhan. Beberapa spesies diketahui berkomunikasi melalui getaran yang mereka hasilkan di batang-batang tumbuhan.[1] Komunikasi dapat bertujuan untuk mencari pasangan, atau dengan semut yang menjaga nimfanya, melindungi mereka dan mengumpulkan sekresi madu serangga.[2] Dewasa beberapa spesies memiliki sayap depan yang berwarna cerah dan lebih tangguh, yang dikenal sebagai tegmina, tidak seperti sayap belakang mereka yang bermembran, yang digunakan untuk terbang. Meski beberapa spesies dapat dicirikan dengan warnanya, beberapa spesies membutuhkan pembedahan dan pengamatan di bawah mikroskop dengan akses ke literatur mengenai spesies-spesies yang telah terdeskripsikan.[3]
Klasifikasi
suntingGenera dalam famili ini menakup:[4][5]
Flatinae
suntingAuth.: Spinola, 1839; genera pilihan:
- tribus Ceryniini Distant, 1906
- Adelidoria Metcalf, 1952
- Adexia Melichar, 1901
- Bythopsyrna Melichar, 1901
- Cerynia Stål, 1862
- tribus Flatini Spinola, 1839
- subtribus Flatina Spinola, 1839
- Flata Fabricius, 1798
- Flatomorpha Melichar, 1901
- subtribus Lawanina Melichar, 1923
- subtribus Phyllyphantina Melichar, 1923
- Paracromna Melichar, 1901
- Phyllyphanta Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
- subtribus Scarpantina Melichar, 1923
- Scarpanta Stål, 1862
- Scarpantina Melichar, 1901
- subtribus Siphantina Melichar, 1923
- Siphanta Stål, 1862
- tribus Nephesini Distant, 1906
- subtribus Cryptoflatina Melichar, 1923
- Cryptoflata Melichar, 1901
- Geisha Kirkaldy, 1900
- Metcalfa Caldwell & Martorell, 1951
- Ormenaria Metcalf & Bruner, 1948
- Ormenoides Melichar, 1923
- subtribus Nephesina Distant, 1906
- Neomelicharia Kirkaldy, 1903
- Nephesa Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
- subtribus Phaedolina Melichar, 1923
- Phaedolus Karsch, 1890
- subtribus Pseudoflatina Melichar, 1923
- Caesonia Stål, 1866
- Colgar Kirkaldy, 1900
- Colgaroides Distant, 1910 - Planthoppers
- Dalapax Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
- Gyaria Stål, 1862
- Gyariella Schmidt, 1924
- Pauliana Lallemand, 1950
- Rhinophantia Melichar, 1901
- tribus Phantiini Melichar, 1923
- Mesophantia Melichar, 1901
- Microflata Melichar, 1901
- Phantia Fieber, 1866
- tribus Phromniini Distant, 1906
- Dermoflata Melichar, 1901
- Flatida White, 1846 (= Phromnia Stål, 1862)
- Flatina Melichar, 1901
- Flatosoma Melichar, 1901
- Paraflata Melichar, 1901
- Poeciloflata Melichar, 1901
- tribus Poekillopterini Kirkaldy, 1907
- Poekilloptera Latreille, 1796
- tribus Selizini Distant, 1906
- Jamella Kirkaldy, 1906 (J. australiae, or pandanus planthopper, pest to Pandanus tectorius[6][7])
- Seliza Stål, 1862
- tribus Sisciini Melichar, 1923
- Siscia Stål, 1870
Flatoidinae
suntingAuth.: Melichar, 1901
- Atracis Stål, 1866
- Atracodes Melichar, 1902
- Bochara Distant, 1906
- Cerfennia Stål, 1870
- Cisatra Melichar, 1923
- Dendrona Melichar, 1923
- Flataloides Metcalf, 1938
- Flatarina Metcalf & Bruner, 1948
- Flatarissa Metcalf & Bruner, 1948
- Flatoides Guérin-Ménéville, 1844
- Flatoidessa Melichar, 1923
- Flatoidinus Melichar, 1923
- Flatosaria Melichar, 1923
- Franciscus Distant, 1910
- Gaja Distant, 1906
- Lichena Melichar, 1901
- Lichenopsis Schmidt, 1912
- Melichitona Metcalf, 1952
- Paraflatoides Melichar, 1923
- Phalaenomorpha Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
- Porophloeus Melichar, 1902
- Pseudoflatoides Metcalf, 1938
- Uxantis Stål, 1870
- Uysanus Distant, 1908
incertae sedis
sunting- Afrexoma Fennah, 1976
- Afrophantia Fennah, 1958
- Afrormenis Fennah, 1958
- Amasha Medler, 1992
- Anatracis Fennah, 1958
- Anzora Medler, 1986
- Bahuflata Dlabola, 1979
- Betracis Medler, 1988
- Boretsis Medler, 1996
- Brysora Medler, 2000
- Budginmaya Fletcher & Moir, 2009
- Catracis Medler, 1988
- Comnar Medler, 1988
- Cromgar Medler, 2000
- Cromnella Fennah, 1969
- Cryomna Medler, 2000
- Cyclopterum Gnezdilov & O'Brien, 2014
- Demina Medler, 2000
- Desanta Medler, 2000
- Diastracis Medler, 1988
- Dixamflata Stroinski, Malenovský & Swierczewski, 2016
- Dworena Medler, 1986
- Erotana Medler, 2000
- Eugyaria Synave, 1962
- Falcophantis Fletcher, 1988
- Garanta Medler, 2000
- Humgar Medler, 2001
- Ijagar Medler, 2000
- Insulume Medler, 1999
- Karrama Medler, 1988
- Kesaflata Stroinski, Malenovsky & Swierczewski, 2016
- Kirkamflata Swierczewski, Malenovsky & Stroinski, 2014
- Lasura Medler, 1992
- Lemaria Medler, 1988
- Madoxychara Stroinski & Swierczewski, 2013
- Malleja Medler, 1990
- Menora Medler, 1999
- Metcracis Medler, 1993
- Miniscia Medler, 1991
- Narowalenus Shakila, 1991
- Neocalauria Synave, 1957
- Neomistaria Yang & Chen, 2015
- Neosephena Medler, 2000
- Neovariata Shakila, 1984
- Ortracis Medler, 1996
- Paracalauria Synave, 1962
- Parasiphanta Fletcher, 1988
- Perinetella Synave, 1956
- Persepolia Dlabola & Safavi, 1972
- Peyrierasus Stroinski & Swierczewski, 2013
- Phaiophantia Lindberg, 1958
- Planata Medler, 1999
- Riodeorolix Lindberg, 1956
- Safroka Medler, 2001
- Samcerus Medler, 1993
- Saurana Medler, 1992
- Scarpuna Medler, 2006
- Shadaka Medler, 2000
- Soares Stroiński & Świerczewski, 2012
- Sogalabana Stroiński & Świerczewski, 2014
- Sosephena Medler, 1990
- Staliana Medler, 1988
- Stenume Medler, 1999
- Talopsus Medler, 1989
- Taparella Medler, 1989
- Tisia Dlabola, 1981
- Tormenis Medler, 1999
- Trisephena Medler, 1990
- Umidena Medler, 1992
- Walena Medler, 1999
Referensi
sunting- ^ Virant-Doberlet, Meta; Žežlina, Ivan (2007). "Vibrational Communication of Metcalfa pruinosa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Flatidae)" (PDF). Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 100 (1): 73–82. doi:10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[73:VCOMPH]2.0.CO;2.
- ^ Pfeiffer, Martin; Linsenmair, K.E. (2007). "Trophobiosis in a tropical rainforest on Borneo: giant ants Camponotus gigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) herd wax cicadas Bythopsyrna circulata (Auchenorrhyncha: Flatidae)". Asian Myrmecology. 1: 105–119. doi:10.20362/am.001010.
- ^ Stephen W. Wilson (2005). "Keys to the families of Fulgoromorpha with emphasis on planthoppers of potential economic importance in the Southeastern United States (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha)". Florida Entomologist. 88 (4): 464–481. doi:10.1653/0015-4040(2005)88[464:kttfof]2.0.co;2.
- ^ Bourgoin Th. (2013) Hemiptera Database - FLOW (Fulgoromorpha Lists on The Web): a world knowledge base dedicated to Fulgoromorpha. Version 8.
- ^ BioLib.cz: family Flatidae Spinola, 1839 (retrieved 29 August 2020)
- ^ "The insects killing Fraser Island's pandanus population". Queensland Times. 26 January 2017. Diakses tanggal 4 January 2021.
- ^ Coghill, Jon (29 October 2015). "Rangers turn to tiny native wasp to save Fraser Island's iconic pandanus population". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Diakses tanggal 4 January 2021.
