
Indeks Integritas Lanskap Hutan (bahasa Inggris: Forest Landscape Integrity Index, FLII) adalah indeks global tahunan kondisi hutan yang diukur berdasarkan derajat modifikasi antropogenik.[1][2][3][4][5] Dibuat oleh tim yang terdiri dari 48 ilmuwan, FLII, dalam pengukuran 300m piksel hutan di seluruh dunia, menemukan bahwa ~17,4 juta km2 hutan memiliki integritas tingkat bentang alam yang tinggi (dengan skor dari 9,6โ10), dibandingkan dengan ~ 14,6 juta dengan integritas sedang (6โ9,6) dan ~12,2 juta km2 dengan integritas rendah (0โ6).
FLII menemukan bahwa sebagian besar lanskap hutan berintegritas tinggi yang tersisa ditemukan di Kanada, Rusia, Pegunungan Rocky, Alaska, Amazon, Guiana, Chili bagian selatan, Afrika Tengah, dan Nugini. Sebaliknya, hutan dengan integritas rendah ditemukan di Eropa Barat dan Tengah, Amerika Barat Daya, Asia Tenggara di barat Nugini, Andes, sebagian besar Tiongkok dan India, Celah Albertine, Afrika Barat, Mesoamerika, dan Hutan Atlantik Brasil.
Hasilnya dimaksudkan untuk membantu para pembuat keputusan di semua tingkatan mencapai komitmen mereka terhadap Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (SDGs), Konvensi PBB tentang Keanekaragaman Hayati (CBD), Konvensi untuk Memerangi Desertifikasi (UNCCD), dan Konvensi Kerangka Kerja tentang Perubahan Iklim ( UNFCCC).[1]
Integritas hutan
suntingSuatu ekosistem dianggap memiliki integritas ketika struktur, komposisi, dan proses ekologisnya berada dalam jangkauan alaminya.[6]
Peringkat negara
sunting172 negara telah diberi peringkat:[7]
| Negara | Nilai FLIII | Integritas rendah (km2) | Integritas sedang (km2) | Integritas tinggi (km2) | Luas hutan keseluruhan (km2) | Peta |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | 0 | 0 | 68 | 68 | ||
| 9.8 | 1 | 72 | 495 | 569 | ||
| 9.58 | 4,162 | 40,817 | 147,413 | 192,391 | ||
| 9.45 | 5,083 | 59,389 | 146,218 | 210,691 | ||
| 9.39 | 6,796 | 25,031 | 107,954 | 139,781 | ||
| 9.36 | 520 | 11,915 | 27,407 | 39,841 | ||
| 9.28 | 30,161 | 139,350 | 379,097 | 548,608 | ||
| 9.13 | 13 | 187 | 372 | 572 | ||
| 9.07 | 11,780 | 118,348 | 120,852 | 250,979 | ||
| 9.02 | 739,484 | 2,245,281 | 5,137,079 | 8,121,843 | ||
| 8.99 | 480,206 | 1,027,386 | 2,968,268 | 4,475,860 | ||
| 8.89 | 24,512 | 124,215 | 158,184 | 306,911 | ||
| 8.86 | 329 | 2,819 | 2,761 | 5,909 | ||
| 8.86 | 85,793 | 190,547 | 509,720 | 786,061 | ||
| 8.85 | 90 | 1,475 | 977 | 2,542 | ||
| 8.85 | 1,620 | 16,769 | 10,140 | 28,529 | ||
| 8.84 | 37,294 | 183,415 | 216,355 | 437,064 | ||
| 8.82 | 734 | 5,322 | 4,448 | 10,504 | ||
| 8.78 | 64,650 | 170,792 | 351,112 | 586,554 | ||
| 8.65 | 34 | 137 | 130 | 301 | ||
| 8.47 | 78,745 | 280,532 | 272,007 | 631,284 | ||
| 8.43 | 5 | 13 | 17 | 36 | ||
| 8.35 | 105,487 | 284,054 | 315,895 | 705,436 | ||
| 8.35 | 1,753 | 10,802 | 3,594 | 16,148 | ||
| 8.26 | 150,737 | 272,442 | 428,320 | 851,499 | ||
| 8.23 | 6,068 | 18,926 | 15,294 | 40,288 | ||
| 8.09 | 45 | 333 | 9 | 387 | ||
| 8.02 | 8,374 | 40,156 | 8,410 | 56,939 | ||
| 8 | 66,191 | 181,336 | 119,263 | 366,789 | ||
| 7.99 | 3,982 | 17,595 | 5,007 | 26,585 | ||
| 7.79 | 6,982 | 17,803 | 9,784 | 34,570 | ||
| 7.71 | 1,102 | 2,842 | 1,498 | 5,442 | ||
| 7.69 | 284 | 1,149 | 82 | 1,515 | ||
| 7.67 | 3,361 | 12,930 | 2,162 | 18,453 | ||
| 7.66 | 48,822 | 77,585 | 73,492 | 199,900 | ||
| 7.56 | 533,118 | 935,508 | 727,983 | 2,196,608 | ||
| 7.55 | 8 | 35 | 0 | 43 | ||
| 7.52 | 1,374,902 | 1,354,961 | 2,338,101 | 5,067,963 | ||
| 7.5 | 96,969 | 164,376 | 110,822 | 372,167 | ||
| 7.42 | 2,034 | 7,090 | 459 | 9,583 | ||
| 7.42 | 2,090 | 7,859 | 1,139 | 11,088 | ||
| 7.4 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 5 | ||
| 7.37 | 56,849 | 41,971 | 93,537 | 192,357 | ||
| 7.35 | 741 | 1,935 | 399 | 3,075 | ||
| 7.23 | 13,785 | 41,992 | 3,760 | 59,538 | ||
| 7.22 | 117,672 | 239,624 | 103,852 | 461,148 | ||
| 7.21 | 98,249 | 189,966 | 72,557 | 360,772 | ||
| 7.19 | 6,871 | 15,310 | 3,149 | 25,329 | ||
| 7.18 | 129,745 | 220,188 | 96,924 | 446,857 | ||
| 7.16 | 52,652 | 84,430 | 44,397 | 181,479 | ||
| 7.16 | 451 | 996 | 140 | 1,586 | ||
| 7.16 | 347 | 1,384 | 46 | 1,777 | ||
| 7.14 | 533,800 | 974,431 | 301,051 | 1,809,282 | ||
| 7.13 | 123,997 | 159,712 | 122,812 | 406,521 | ||
| 7.12 | 34,503 | 44,155 | 35,334 | 113,992 | ||
| 7.11 | 847 | 2,456 | 162 | 3,465 | ||
| 7.11 | 1,783 | 7,008 | 47 | 8,838 | ||
| 7.09 | 117,992 | 254,792 | 54,428 | 427,211 | ||
| 7.06 | 388 | 1,026 | 18 | 1,432 | ||
| 6.98 | 39,343 | 67,383 | 16,627 | 123,352 | ||
| 6.95 | 91 | 221 | 0 | 312 | ||
| 6.93 | 150,665 | 189,362 | 115,379 | 455,406 | ||
| 6.82 | 193,908 | 280,445 | 121,842 | 596,195 | ||
| 6.77 | 2,426 | 5,256 | 122 | 7,805 | ||
| 6.77 | 214 | 227 | 199 | 640 | ||
| 6.74 | 2,260 | 4,076 | 451 | 6,787 | ||
| 6.65 | 1,328,079 | 1,144,693 | 658,645 | 3,131,417 | ||
| 6.64 | 31 | 140 | 0 | 171 | ||
| 6.62 | 1,478 | 2,176 | 418 | 4,072 | ||
| 6.6 | 14,548 | 27,833 | 1,078 | 43,459 | ||
| 6.6 | 535,370 | 509,018 | 431,973 | 1,476,361 | ||
| 6.55 | 4,820 | 7,189 | 1,534 | 13,543 | ||
| 6.41 | 2,949 | 4,778 | 82 | 7,809 | ||
| 6.39 | 78,538 | 102,626 | 29,877 | 211,041 | ||
| 6.39 | 43,043 | 68,243 | 3,516 | 114,801 | ||
| 6.38 | 8,786 | 14,547 | 1,453 | 24,786 | ||
| 6.37 | 27 | 38 | 0 | 65 | ||
| 6.37 | 25,420 | 21,310 | 14,605 | 61,336 | ||
| 6.31 | 30,143 | 31,939 | 16,349 | 78,431 | ||
| 6.31 | 5 | 33 | 0 | 37 | ||
| 6.31 | 9,450 | 14,417 | 1,644 | 25,511 | ||
| 6.2 | 64,621 | 65,355 | 24,307 | 154,283 | ||
| 6.18 | 5,261 | 6,016 | 1,910 | 13,187 | ||
| 6.17 | 235 | 316 | 0 | 551 | ||
| 6.15 | 7,004 | 7,957 | 2,744 | 17,705 | ||
| 6.09 | 18,884 | 26,325 | 847 | 46,057 | ||
| 6.02 | 25,060 | 32,009 | 888 | 57,956 | ||
| 6 | 86,276 | 89,326 | 33,612 | 209,214 | ||
| 5.99 | 13,387 | 17,031 | 574 | 30,993 | ||
| 5.95 | 38,395 | 48,394 | 607 | 87,395 | ||
| 5.91 | 91,820 | 100,831 | 8,393 | 201,044 | ||
| 5.88 | 5,064 | 4,522 | 1,076 | 10,662 | ||
| 5.86 | 4,724 | 3,698 | 1,769 | 10,191 | ||
| 5.83 | 20,.541 | 22,390 | 1,613 | 44,544 | ||
| 5.8 | 135,783 | 133,480 | 16,005 | 285,268 | ||
| 5.74 | 12,514 | 12,167 | 2,396 | 27,078 | ||
| 5.7 | 9,274 | 8,702 | 855 | 18,831 | ||
| 5.59 | 92,986 | 80,564 | 19,252 | 192,801 | ||
| 5.46 | 1,894 | 1,681 | 3 | 3,577 | ||
| 5.46 | 567 | 478 | 0 | 1,045 | ||
| 5.45 | 10,013 | 7,251 | 1,947 | 19,211 | ||
| 5.4 | 22,605 | 18,460 | 1,632 | 42,697 | ||
| 5.35 | 174,415 | 109,779 | 23,494 | 307,687 | ||
| 5.35 | 82,551 | 75,353 | 9,588 | 167,492 | ||
| 5.29 | 17,513 | 14,112 | 516 | 32,141 | ||
| 5.22 | 7,418 | 6,044 | 81 | 13,543 | ||
| 5.19 | 2,628 | 1,775 | 47 | 4,450 | ||
| 5.14 | 1,354 | 987 | 0 | 2,340 | ||
| 5.08 | 144,310 | 83,572 | 9,294 | 237,176 | ||
| 5.01 | 5,362 | 3,249 | 158 | 8,770 | ||
| 5.01 | 130,825 | 91,957 | 21,499 | 244,281 | ||
| 4.94 | 45,489 | 34,968 | 3,196 | 83,653 | ||
| 4.92 | 15,732 | 10,522 | 379 | 26,633 | ||
| 4.9 | 81,702 | 54,877 | 2,895 | 139,475 | ||
| 4.85 | 15 | 2 | 0 | 17 | ||
| 4.79 | 51,975 | 31,162 | 11,025 | 94,163 | ||
| 4.72 | 114 | 92 | 0 | 206 | ||
| 4.65 | 27,164 | 12,838 | 4,164 | 44,167 | ||
| 4.63 | 120,340 | 66,584 | 11,922 | 198,846 | ||
| 4.56 | 181 | 85 | 0 | 266 | ||
| 4.55 | 95 | 50 | 0 | 145 | ||
| 4.53 | 57,519 | 28,901 | 2,160 | 88,580 | ||
| 4.52 | 161,987 | 49,496 | 74,121 | 285,604 | ||
| 4.5 | 6,882 | 3,841 | 46 | 10,769 | ||
| 4.5 | 59 | 42 | 0 | 101 | ||
| 4.48 | 57,899 | 23,802 | 3,692 | 85,392 | ||
| 4.45 | 170 | 49 | 0 | 219 | ||
| 4.36 | 77,303 | 36,381 | 7,507 | 121,190 | ||
| 4.34 | 17,615 | 8,165 | 0 | 25,781 | ||
| 4.23 | 82,770 | 46,013 | 133 | 128,916 | ||
| 4.22 | 221 | 86 | 0 | 308 | ||
| 4.21 | 5,054 | 2,501 | 14 | 7,569 | ||
| 4.2 | 28,427 | 13,558 | 4,702 | 46,686 | ||
| 4.19 | 19,890 | 9,364 | 518 | 29,772 | ||
| 4.14 | 170 | 85 | 0 | 255 | ||
| 4.05 | 8,837 | 2,947 | 0 | 11,784 | ||
| 4.01 | 7,116 | 2,831 | 12 | 9,959 | ||
| 3.85 | 58,572 | 18,764 | 5,592 | 82,928 | ||
| 3.85 | 5,665 | 2,170 | 619 | 8,454 | ||
| 3.78 | 11,065 | 3,791 | 0 | 14,856 | ||
| 3.76 | 541 | 115 | 0 | 656 | ||
| 3.65 | 79,403 | 26,858 | 25 | 106,286 | ||
| 3.64 | 158,010 | 41,005 | 7,288 | 206,303 | ||
| 3.64 | 841 | 282 | 0 | 1,123 | ||
| 3.63 | 77,870 | 20,847 | 91 | 98,808 | ||
| 3.63 | 65,356 | 17,646 | 4,858 | 87,860 | ||
| 3.61 | 11,793 | 3,998 | 0 | 15,791 | ||
| 3.59 | 104 | 9 | 0 | 113 | ||
| 3.55 | 36,666 | 12,422 | 21 | 49,109 | ||
| 3.53 | 13,636 | 4,412 | 10 | 18,058 | ||
| 3.3 | 89,540 | 20,183 | 176 | 109,900 | ||
| 3.05 | 24,473 | 4,832 | 52 | 29,358 | ||
| 2.79 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 12 | ||
| 2.76 | 52,512 | 11,858 | 640 | 65,010 | ||
| 2.28 | 122,168 | 11,307 | 0 | 133,475 | ||
| 2.25 | 18,729 | 2,047 | 0 | 20,776 | ||
| 2.24 | 101,886 | 7,103 | 0 | 108,989 | ||
| 2.2 | 3,113 | 202 | 0 | 3,315 | ||
| 2.09 | 38,164 | 2,137 | 0 | 40,301 | ||
| 1.71 | 32,161 | 1,611 | 0 | 33,772 | ||
| 1.65 | 29,149 | 2,917 | 35 | 32,101 | ||
| 1.62 | 24,554 | 930 | 0 | 25,484 | ||
| 1.36 | 8,803 | 297 | 0 | 9,099 | ||
| 1.12 | 1,170 | 0 | 0 | 1,170 | ||
| 1.11 | 170 | 2 | 0 | 172 | ||
| 1.06 | 531 | 2 | 0 | 533 | ||
| 0.92 | 5,283 | 96 | 0 | 5,378 | ||
| 0.82 | 25,966 | 553 | 0 | 26,519 | ||
| 0.6 | 5,250 | 72 | 0 | 5,322 | ||
| 0.56 | 4,772 | 218 | 69 | 5,059 | ||
| 0.5 | 5,756 | 31 | 0 | 5,787 | ||
| 0.01 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
|
ย ย Negara dengan rata-rata FLII tinggi (8-10)
ย ย Negara dengan rata-rata FLII sedang (5-7.99)
ย ย Negara dengan rata-rata FLII rendah (0-4.99)
|
Latar belakang
suntingIndeks ini ditulis oleh tim ahli konservasi hutan global, termasuk:[1]
Referensi
sunting- ^ a b c Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.; Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSNย 2041-1723. PMCย 7723057. PMIDย 33293507.
- ^ Elcacho, Joaquim (2020-12-14). "Descubre con este mapa dรณnde estรกn los mejores bosques de tu paรญs y del mundo" [Discover with this map where are the best forests in your country and in the world]. La Vanguardia (dalam bahasa Spanish). Barcelona. Diakses tanggal 2020-12-16. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
- ^ "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity". Nature-based Solutions Initiative. University of Oxford. 2020-12-10. Diakses tanggal 2020-12-16.
- ^ ะะพะฟะพะฒะฐ, ะะฐัะธะฝะฐ (2020-12-09). "ะััะผะพะต ะฒะปะธัะฝะธะต ัะตะปะพะฒะตะบะฐ ะพะฑะพัะปะพ ััะพัะพะฝะพะน 40 ะฟัะพัะตะฝัะพะฒ ัะพะฒัะตะผะตะฝะฝัั ะปะตัะพะฒ" [Direct human influence bypassed 40 percent of modern forests] (dalam bahasa Russian). Diakses tanggal 2020-12-16. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
- ^ "New Forest Landscape Integrity Index Reveals that Only 40 Percent of World's Forests Have High Integrity". WCS Newsroom. Wildlife Conservation Society. 2020-12-08. Diakses tanggal 2020-12-16.
- ^ Parrish, Jeffrey D.; Braun, David P.; Unnasch, Robert S. (2003). "Are We Conserving What We Say We Are? Measuring Ecological Integrity within Protected Areas". BioScience. 53 (9): 851. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0851:AWCWWS]2.0.CO;2. ISSNย 0006-3568.
- ^ Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.; Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSNย 2041-1723. PMCย 7723057. PMIDย 33293507.











































































































































































