Bonus Army 📖 Wikipedia

Bonus Army
Para demonstran Bonus Army (kiri) bentrok dengan polisi
Tanggal	28 Juli 1932; 93 tahun lalu (1932-07-28)
Lokasi	Washington, D.C., Amerika Serikat
Sebab	Kemiskinan yang dialami para veteran Perang Dunia I akibat Depresi Besar
Hasil	Para demonstran bubar, tuntutan ditolak, Herbert Hoover kalah telak dalam pemilihan presiden 1932
Pihak terlibat
Bonus Army Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat Departemen Kepolisian Metropolitan Distrik Columbia
Tokoh utama
Walter W. Waters Herbert Hoover Douglas MacArthur George S. Patton
Jumlah
17.000 veteran 26.000 lainnya 500 infanteri 500 kavaleri 6 tank ringan M1917 800 polisi
Jumlah korban
Hari pertama: 2 tewas; 55 luka-luka, total tidak diketahui Sedikitnya 69 polisi terluka

Bonus Army adalah nama untuk sekelompok dari sekitar 43,000 pengunjuk rasa—17,000 veteran Perang Dunia I AS, keluarga mereka, dan kelompok yang berafiliasi—yang berkumpul di Washington, D.C. pada musim panas 1932 untuk meminta tebusan bayaran tunai dari sertifikat jasa mereka. Para penyelenggara menyebut para pengunjuk rasa tersebut dengan sebutan "Bonus Expeditionary Force", yang merujuk kepada plesetan nama dari American Expeditionary Forces pada Perang Dunia I, sementara media menyebut mereka "Bonus Army" atau "Bonus Marchers". Kelompok tersebut dipimpin oleh Walter W. Waters, seorang mantan sersan.

• Burner, David. (1979). Herbert Hoover: A Public Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-394-46134-7.
• Daniels, Roger. (1971). The Bonus March: An Episode of the Great Depression. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing. ISBN 0837151740
• Dickson, Paul, and Thomas B. Allen. (2004). The Bonus Army: An American Epic. New York: Walker and Company. ISBN 0-8027-1440-4.
• Dickson, Paul, and Thomas B. Allen. "Marching On History," in Smithsonian, February 2003
• James, D. Clayton. (1970). The Years of MacArthur, Volume I, 1880–1941. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. OCLC 36211265
• Jenkins, Roy (2003). Franklin Delano Roosevelt. New York: Times Books. ISBN 9780805069594.
• Lisio, Donald J. (1974). The President and Protest: Hoover, Conspiracy, and the Bonus Riot. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press. ISBN 082620158X
• Smith, Richard Norton. (1984). An Uncommon Man: The Triumph of Herbert Hoover. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-46034-X.
• Liebovich, Louis W. (1994). Bylines in Despair: Herbert Hoover, the Great Depression, and the U.S. News Media ISBN 0-275-94843-9
• Bennett, Michael J. (1999). When Dreams Come True: The GI Bill and the Making of Modern America ISBN 1-57488-218-X
• Perret, Geoffrey (1996). "MacArthur and the Marchers" in MHQ: the Quarterly Journal of Military History. Vol 8, No 2 American Historical Publication, Inc

• Morrow, Felix. (1932). The Bonus March. International Pamphlets No. 31. New York: International Publishers. OCLC 12546840
• Ortiz, Stephen R. 2006. "Rethinking the Bonus March: Federal Bonus Policy, the Veterans of Foreign Wars, and the Origins of a Protest Movement". Journal of Policy History. 18, no. 3: 275–303.
• Rawl, Michael J. (2006). Anacostia Flats. Baltimore: Publish America. ISBN 978-1-413-79778-7.
• Smith, Gene. (1970). The Shattered Dream: Herbert Hoover and the Great Depression. New York: William Morrow and Company. OCLC 76078

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Bonus Army.

• Sheilah Kast (February 13, 2005). "Soldier Against Soldier: The Story of the Bonus Army". NPR: Weekend Edition Sunday.
• The Bonus Army (EyeWitness to History)
• Vets Owe Debt to WWI's "Bonus Army from military.com
• FBI file on the Bonus Army
• The Sad Tale of the Bonus Marchers
• Memory: The Bonus Army March, Library of Congress
• Paul Dickson & Thomas B. Allen on The Bonus Army: An American Epic, a lecture recorded at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library

38°52′0.3″N 76°59′53″W / 38.866750°N 76.99806°W / 38.866750; -76.99806