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Cashibo
Cacataibo
Native toPeru
EthnicityCashibo people
Native speakers
1,200 (2007)[1]
Panoan
  • Mainline Panoan
    • Cashibo
Dialects
  • Cashibo
  • Cacataibo
  • Rubo / Isunbo
  • Nocaman
Language codes
ISO 639-3cbr
Glottologcash1251
ELPCashibo

Cashibo (Caxibo, Cacibo, Cachibo, Cahivo), Cacataibo, Cashibo-Cacataibo, Managua, or Hagueti is an indigenous language of Peru in the region of the Aguaytía, San Alejandro, and Súngaro rivers. It belongs to the Panoan language family.

Dialects are Kashibo (Kaschinõ), Rubo/Isunbo, Kakataibo, and Nokamán,[2] which until recently had been thought to be extinct.

Phonology

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Consonants

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Bilabial Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal
plain lab.
Plosive p t k kʷ ʔ
Nasal m n ɲ
Tap/Flap ɾ
Affricate t͡s t͡ʃ
Fricative s ʂ ʃ
Approximant β̞ j w

The consonant inventory includes both a bilabial approximant, realized as [β̞], and a labial-velar approximant /w/.

Vowels

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Front Central Back
Close i ɨ u
Mid e o
Open a

Back vowels /o/ and /u/ are phonetically realized as less rounded; [o̜], [u̜].[3]

Statistics

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The language is official along the Aguaytía, San Alejandro, and Súngaro rivers in Peru where it is most widely spoken. It is used in schools until third grade. There are not many monolinguals, although some women over the age of fifty are.

There is five to ten percent literacy compared to fifteen to twenty-five percent literacy in Spanish as a second language. A Cashibo-Cacataibo dictionary has been compiled, and there is a body of literature, especially poetry.

References

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  1. ^ Cashibo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Biondi, Roberto Zariquiey. 2013. Tessmann's <Nokamán>: a linguistic investigation of a mysterious Panoan group. Cadernos de Etnolingüística, volume 5, número 2, dezembro/2013.
  3. ^ Zariquiey Biondi, Roberto (2011). A Grammar of Kashibo-Kakataibo (Ph.D. thesis). La Trobe University. hdl:1959.9/524397.
  • Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
  • Kaufman, Terrence. (1990). Language history in South America: What we know and how to know more. In D. L. Payne (Ed.), Amazonian linguistics: Studies in lowland South American languages (pp. 13–67). Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-70414-3.
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📚 Artikel Terkait di Wikipedia

Panoan languages

Mayoruna † (two dialects) Mainline Panoan Kasharari [most divergent] Kashibo (Kashibo, Rubo/Isunbo, Kakataibo, Nokaman) Nawa branch (from least to most divergent)

Cashibo

Cashibo, Caxibo or Kashibo may refer to: Cashibo people, an indigenous people of Peru Cashibo language, the language of the Cashibo people Cashibo (mission)

List of unclassified languages of South America

of Kashibo Carára – Brazil Carari – Brazil, Amazonas; a short word-list recorded by Johann Natterer which shows no resemblance to known languages, but

Uru of Chʼimu

Uru of Chʼimu is an extinct dialect of Uru or distinct Uru–Chipaya language once spoken by the Uros, an Indigenous people, who live on reed islands in