Teori pelabelan berpendapat bahwa identitas diri dan perilaku individu dapat ditentukan atau dipengaruhi oleh istilah yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan atau mengklasifikasikannya. Ini berkaitan dengan konsep Ramalan swawujud dan stereotip. Teori pelabelan berpendapat bahwa penyimpangan tidak melekat dalam suatu tindakan, tetapi berfokus pada kecenderungan mayoritas untuk memberi label negatif pada minoritas atau mereka yang dipandang menyimpang dari norma budaya standar.[1] Teori ini menonjol selama tahun 1960-an dan 1970-an, dan beberapa versi teori yang dimodifikasi telah berkembang dan hingga saat ini masih populer. Stigma didefinisikan sebagai label negatif yang sangat kuat yang mengubah konsep diri seseorang dan identitas sosial.[2]

Teori pelabelan berkaitan erat dengan konstruksi sosial dan analisis interaksi simbolik.[2] Teori pelabelan dikembangkan oleh sosiolog selama tahun 1960-an. Buku Howard Saul Becker, Outsiders, sangat berpengaruh dalam perkembangan teori ini dan popularitasnya.

Teori pelabelan juga terhubung dengan bidang lain selain kejahatan. Misalnya ada teori pelabelan yang sesuai dengan homoseksualitas. Alfred Kinsey dan rekan-rekannya adalah pendukung utama dalam memisahkan perbedaan antara peran seorang "homoseksual" dan tindakan yang dilakukan seseorang. Contohnya adalah gagasan bahwa pria yang melakukan tindakan feminin akan menyiratkan bahwa mereka homoseksual. Thomas J. Scheff menyatakan bahwa pelabelan juga berperan dengan "sakit jiwa". Label tidak mengacu pada kriminal, melainkan tindakan yang tidak diterima secara sosial karena gangguan mental.

Referensi

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  1. ^ Source Wikipedia. 2013. Labeling Theory: Social Constructionism, Social Stigma, Deinstitutionalisation, George Herbert Mead, Howard S. Becker, Labelling. General Books LLC. ISBN 9781234583347
  2. ^ a b Macionis, John, and Linda Gerber. 2010. Sociology (7th ed.). London: Pearson Education Canada.

Bibliografi

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