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Masaba
Lumasaba
Native toUganda
RegionEastern Uganda, south of the Kupsabiny, Bugisu Province
EthnicityMasaba, Luhya
Native speakers
2.7 million (2002 & 2009 censuses)[1]
Dialects
  • Gisu
  • Kisu
  • Bukusu
  • Syan
  • Tachoni
  • Dadiri
  • Buya
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
myx – Masaba (Gisu, Kisu, Dadiri, Buya)
bxk – Bukusu (Tachoni)
lts – Tachoni
Glottologmasa1299  Masaaba
buku1249  Bukusu
tach1242  Tachoni
JE.31[2]

Masaba (Lumasaaba), sometimes known as Gisu (Lugisu) after one of its dialects, is a Bantu language spoken by more than two million people in East Africa. The Gisu dialect in eastern Uganda is mutually intelligible with Bukusu, spoken by ethnic Luhya in western Kenya. Masaba is the local name of Mount Elgon and the name of the son of the ancestor of the Gisu tribe. Like other Bantu languages, Lumasaba nouns are divided into several sets of noun classes. These are similar to the genders in Germanic and Romance languages, except that instead of the usual two or three, there are around eighteen different noun classes. The language has a quite complex verb morphology.

Varieties

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Varieties of Masaba are as follows:[3]

  • Gisu (Lugisu)
  • Kisu
  • Bukusu (Lubukusu; ethnic Luhya)
  • Syan
  • Tachoni (Lutachoni; ethnic Luhya)
  • Dadiri (Ludadiri)
  • Buya (Lubuya)

Dadiri is spoken in the north, Gisu in the center, and Buya in the center and south of Masaba territory in Uganda. Bukusu is spoken in Kenya, separated from ethnic Masaba by Nilotic languages on the border.

Phonology

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See Bukusu dialect for details of one variety of Masaba.

Consonants

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LabialAlveolarPalatalVelar
Nasalmnŋ
Plosivevoicelessptk
voicedbdg
Fricativevoicelessfs
voicedβz
Approximant(w)lj
  • Sounds /k, ɡ, ŋ/ when before front vowels /i, e/ are heard as palatal [c, ɟ, ɲ].
  • Sounds /i, u/ may be heard as glides [w, j] within initial vowel sequences.

Vowels

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Masaba has a basic 5-vowel system consisting of /i, e, a, o, u/.

References

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  1. ^ Masaba (Gisu, Kisu, Dadiri, Buya) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Bukusu (Tachoni) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Tachoni at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
  3. ^ Maho (2009)

Bibliography

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  • Brown, Gillian (1972) Phonological Rules and Dialectal Variation: A study of the phonology of LumasaabaISBN 0-521-08485-7
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