Danse Macabre (dari bahasa Prancis), juga disebut Tarian Kematian', adalah sebuah genre artistik dari alegori Abad Pertengahan Akhir tentang alam kematian. Danse Macabre terdiri dari orang mati atau personifikasi kematian yang menampilkan para perwakilan dari seluruh jalan kehidupan sedang berdansa di sekitaran makam, biasanya dengan Paus, kaisar, raja, anak-anak dan tenaga kerja.
Contoh Tekstual dari Danse Macabre
suntingTarian kematian ini sering muncul di dalam puisi, drama, dan karya tulis sastra lainnya pada abad pertengahan di beberapa wilayah yang ada di Eropa Barat. Terdapat berbagai jenis tarian kematian yang berbahasa Spanyol, Prancis, dan Jerman dengan berbagai manuskrip latin yang telah ditulis sejak abad ke-14.[1] Teks-teks yang memuat Danse Macabre hampir sepenuhnya diilustrasikan dengan iluminasi dan ukiran kayu.[2]
Terdapat satu teks mengenai Tari Macabre ini yang sepenuhnya ditujukan untuk perempuan yaitu The Danse Macabre Of Woman . Karya ini masih ada dalam bentuk lima manuskrip dan dua edisi cetak. Di dalam karya tersebut digambarkan 36 perempuan dari berbagai usia di Paris diajak untuk bergabung ke dalam Tarian Melawan Kematian.[3]
Selanjutnya, Dance of Death karya John Lydgate adalah puisi Inggris Pertengahan yang ditulis pada awal abad ke-15. Karya ini merupakan terjemahan dari puisi Prancis dengan judul yang sama, dan merupakan salah satu contoh paling populer dari genre Tarian Makabre.[4]
Catatan
sunting- ^ Clark, James M. (1950-07). "The Dance of Death in Medieval Literature: Some Recent Theories of Its Origin". The Modern Language Review. 45 (3): 336. doi:10.2307/3718509.
- ^ "The dance of death in painting and in print / by T. Tindall Wildridge". Wellcome Collection (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2025-11-09.
- ^ Harrison, Ann Tukey; Hindman, Sandra; Bibliothèque nationale (France), ed. (1994). The danse macabre of women: ms. fr. 995 of the Bibliothèque nationale. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-473-5.
- ^ www.oxfordbibliographies.com https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780195396584/obo-9780195396584-0020.xml. Diakses tanggal 2025-11-09.
Referensi
sunting- Bätschmann, Oskar, & Pascal Griener (1997), Hans Holbein. London: Reaktion Books.
- Israil Bercovici (1998) O sută de ani de teatru evriesc în România ("One hundred years of Yiddish/Jewish theater in Romania"), 2nd Romanian-language edition, revised and augmented by Constantin Măciucă. Editura Integral (an imprint of Editurile Universala), Bucharest. ISBN 973-98272-2-5.
- James M. Clark (1947), The Dance of Death by Hans Holbein, London.
- James M. Clark (1950) The Dance of Death in the Middle Ages and Renaissance.
- André Corvisier (1998) Les danses macabres, Presses Universitaires de France. ISBN 2-13-049495-1.
- Natalie Zemon Davis (1956), "Holbein's Pictures of Death and the Reformation at Lyons," Studies in the Renaissance, vol. 3 (1956), pp. 97–130.
- Rolf Paul Dreier (2010) Der Totentanz - ein Motiv der kirchlichen Kunst als Projektionsfläche für profane Botschaften (1425–1650), Leiden, ISBN 978-90-90-25111-0 with CD-ROM: Verzeichnis der Totentänze
- Werner L. Gundersheimer (1971), The Dance of Death by Hans Holbein the Younger: A Complete Facsimile of the Original 1538 Edition of Les simulachres et histoirees faces de la Mort. New york: Dover Publications, Inc.
- William M. Ivins Jr. (1919), "Hans Holbein's Dance of Death," The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, vol. 14, no. 11 (Nov., 1919). pp. 231–235.
- Landau, David, & Peter Parshall (1996), The Renaissance Print, New Haven (CT): Yale, 1996.
- Sophie Oosterwijk (2008), 'Of dead kings, dukes and constables. The historical context of the Danse Macabre in late-medieval Paris', Journal of the British Archaeological Association, 161, 131-62.
- Sophie Oosterwijk and Stefanie Knoell (2011), Mixed Metaphors. The Danse Macabre in Medieval and Early Modern Europe, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4438-2900-7.
- Romania, National Library of ... - Illustrated Latin translation of the Danse Macabre, late 15th century. treasure 4
- Meinolf Schumacher (2001), "Ein Kranz für den Tanz und ein Strich durch die Rechnung. Zu Oswald von Wolkenstein 'Ich spür ain tier' (Kl 6)", Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur, vol. 123 (2001), pp. 253–273.
- Ann Tukey Harrison (1994), with a chapter by Sandra L. Hindman, The Danse Macabre of Women: Ms.fr. 995 of the Bibliothèque Nationale, Kent State University Press. ISBN 0-87338-473-3.
- Wilson, Derek (2006) Hans Holbein: Portrait of an Unknown Man. London: Pimlico, Revised Edition.
Bacaan tambahan
sunting- Henri Stegemeier (1939) The Dance of Death in Folksong, with an Introduction on the History of the Dance of Death. University of Chicago.
- Henri Stegemeier (1949) Goethe and the "Totentanz" The Journal of English and Germanic Philology 48:4 Goethe Bicentennial Issue 1749-1949. 48:4, 582-587.
- Hans Georg Wehrens (2012) Der Totentanz im alemannischen Sprachraum. "Muos ich doch dran - und weis nit wan". Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg ISBN 978-3-7954-2563-0.
- Elina Gertsman (2010), The Dance of Death in the Middle Ages. Image, Text, Performance. Studies in the Visual Cultures of the Middle Ages, 3. Turnhout, Brepols Publishers. ISBN 978-2-503-53063-5
- Sophie Oosterwijk (2004), 'Of corpses, constables and kings: the Danse Macabre in late-medieval and renaissance culture', The Journal of the British Archaeological Association, 157, 61-90.
- Sophie Oosterwijk (2006), '"Muoz ich tanzen und kan nit gân?" Death and the infant in the medieval Danse Macabre', Word & Image, 22:2, 146-64.
- Sophie Oosterwijk (2008), '"For no man mai fro dethes stroke fle". Death and Danse Macabre iconography in memorial art', Church Monuments, 23, 62-87, 166-68
- Sophie Oosterwijk and Stefanie Knoell (2011), Mixed Metaphors. The Danse Macabre in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4438-2900-7.
- Marek Żukow-Karczewski (1989), "Taniec śmierci (Dance macabre"), Życie Literackie (Literary Life - literary review magazine), 43, 4.
- Maricarmen Gómez Muntané (2017), El Llibre Vermell. Cantos y danzas de fines del Medioevo, Madrid: Fondo de Cultura Económica, (chapter "Ad mortem festinamus' y la Danza de la Muerte"). ISBN 978-84-375-0767-5
Pranala luar
sunting
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Danse Macabre.
- A collection of historical images of the Danse Macabre at Cornell's The Fantastic in Art and Fiction
- The Danse Macabre of Hrastovlje, Slovenia
- Holbein's Totentanz
- Les simulachres & historiees faces de la mort: commonly called "The dance of death'' - 1869 photographic reproduction of original by Holbein Society with woodcuts, plus English translations and a biography of Holbein.
- [1] Sophie Oosterwijk (2009), '"Fro Paris to Inglond"? The danse macabre in text and image in late-medieval England', Doctoral thesis Leiden University available online.
- Images of Danse Macabre (2001) Diarsipkan 2019-06-05 di Wayback Machine. Conceptual performance by Antonia Svobodová and Mirek Vodrážka in Čajovna Pod Stromem Čajovým in Prague 22 May 2001'.
- Pierre Desrey, Chorea ab eximio Macabro / versibus Alemanicis edita et a Petro Desrey ... nuper emendata – via Rare Book and Special Collections Division at the Library of Congress
- Dance of Death, Chorea, ab eximio Macabro versibus Alemanicis edita et a Petro Desrey ... nuper emendata. Paris, Gui Marchand, for Geoffroy de Marnef, 15 Oct. (Id. Oct.) 1490. From the Rare Book and Special Collections Division at the Library of Congress
- An introduction to the Dance of Death, Art & Design Library, Central Library, Edinburgh
- What Does the Dance Macabre Symbolize? An Allegory of Death
- Danse macabre | Song Texts, Lyrics & Translations | Oxford Song.. Lirik lagu dan terjemahan dari lagu Danse Macabre.
- A Brief History of the ‘Danse Macabre’. Sejarah singkat.
- Hans Holbein’s Dance of Death (1523–5) from the Public Domain Review. Tentang lukisan yang dibuat oleh Hans Holbein.
