Natagaimas Language

Pijao language 📖 Wikipedia

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Pijao
Pinao
Native to	Colombia
Region	Tolima
Ethnicity	Pijao people
Extinct	1950s
Language family	unclassified (Cariban?)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`pij`
Glottolog	`pija1235`
Map of the Pijao people and language
Pijao is classified as Extinct by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.

Pijao (Piajao, originally Pinao^[1]) is an unclassified indigenous American language that was spoken in the villages of Ortega, Coyaima (Koyai, Tupe) and Natagaima in the Magdalena River Valley of Colombia until the 1950s, by the Pijao and Panche people.^[2]

Subdivisions

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Pijao subtribes reported by Rivet (1943, 1944) and cited in Mason (1950):^[3]

Aype, Paloma, Ambeina, Amoya, Tumbo, Coyaima, Poina (Yaporoge), Mayto (Maito, Marto), Mola, Atayma (Otaima), Tuamo, Bulira, Ocaima, Behuni (Beuni, Biuni), Ombecho, Anaitoma, Totumo, Natagaima, Pana (Pamao), Guarro, Hamay, Zeraco, Lucira, and Tonuro.

Classification

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A small vocabulary list was collected in 1943; only 30 Pijao words and expressions are known.^{[citation needed]}

The few words which resemble Carib are thought to be loans; toponyms in Pijao country are also Carib. Durbin & Seijas (1973) did not detect significant connections between Pijao and other unclassified languages of the area: Colima, Muzo, Pantágora, and Panche, but these are even more poorly attested than Pijao.^[4]

Jolkesky (2016) also notes that there are lexical similarities with the Witoto-Okaina languages.^[5]

Vocabulary

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Pijao	gloss	Pijao	gloss	Pijao	gloss	Pijao	gloss	Pijao	gloss
amé	tree	alamán	crocodile	nuhúgi	woman	golúpa	cassava	orái	red
homéro	bow	tínki	tooth	oréma	man	lún	eye	toléma	snake
sumén	to drink	tána	water	yaguáde	jaguar	oléma	ear	huíl	sun
čaguála	canoe	nasés	house	núna	moon	pegil	foot	tenú	tobacco
kahírre	dog	hoté	star	ñáma	hand	tápe	stone

Notes

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^ Zwisler, Joshua James (2018). "The Pijao of Natagaima: Post-Linguicide Indigenous Identity and Language" (PDF). Cadernos de Etnolingüística. 6 (1): 51–80.
^ Rivet, Paul (1943). "La influencia karib en Colombia". RINE. 1 (1): 55–93, 283–295.
^ Mason, John Alden (1950). "The languages of South America". In Steward, Julian (ed.). Handbook of South American Indians. Vol. 6. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143. pp. 157–317.
^ Durbin & Seijas 1973.
^ Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho de Valhery (2016). Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas (Ph.D. dissertation) (2 ed.). Brasília: University of Brasília.

References

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Durbin, Marshall; Seijas, Haydée (January 1973). "A Note on Panche, Pijao, Pantagora (Palenque), Colima and Muzo". International Journal of American Linguistics. 39 (1): 47–51. doi:10.1086/465239. ISSN 0020-7071.

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States of Colombia

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Pijao people

Terrence (1994). "The native languages of South America", in C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the world's languages (pp. 46–76). London: Routledge

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