Daftar bahan peledak yang digunakan selama Perang Dunia II 📖 Wikipedia

Hampir semua bahan peledak umum yang tercantum di sini adalah campuran dari beberapa komponen umum:

Amonium pikrat^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]
TNT (Trinitrotoluena)^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]
PETN (Pentaerythritol tetranitrate)^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]
RDX^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]
Aluminium bubuk.

Ini hanya sebagian daftar; masih banyak lainnya. Banyak dari komposisi ini sekarang sudah usang dan hanya ditemukan pada amunisi warisan dan persenjataan yang belum meledak.

Nama	Komposisi	Catatan
Amatol^[18]^[19]^[20]	Amonium nitrat dan TNT	Banyak digunakan dalam bom, peluru, bom kedalaman, dan ranjau laut
Baronal	Barium nitrat, TNT dan bubuk aluminium
Baratol^[21]^[22]	Barium nitrat dan TNT	Digunakan dalam granat tangan Inggris. Juga digunakan sebagai lensa peledak kecepatan rendah pada senjata nuklir tipe ledakan, Fat Man.
Composition A	88.3% RDX dan 11.7% plasticizer
Composition B^[23]^[24]^[25]	RDX, TNT dan wax lilin	Digunakan sebagai lensa peledak berkecepatan tinggi pada senjata nuklir tipe ledakan, Fat Man.
Composition H6^[26]	45% RDX, 30% TNT, 20% aluminium bubuk dan 5% wax lilin	Menggantikan Torpex untuk digunakan dalam aplikasi angkatan laut.
DBX (Depth Bomb Explosive)	21% RDX, 21% amonium nitrat, 40% TNT, 18% aluminium bubuk	Sebuah alternatif untuk Torpex, yang menggunakan lebih sedikit material strategis RDX
Minol^[27]^[28]	40% TNT, 40% amonium nitrat dan 20% aluminium bubuk (Minol-2)	Dikembangkan oleh Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Inggris dan digunakan dalam torpedo, bom kedalaman, dan ranjau laut. Tidak cocok untuk peluru karena risiko ledakan jika mengalami akselerasi yang sangat tinggi.
Octol	75% HMX (cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine) dan 25% TNT	Masih digunakan
Pentolite^[29]	50% PETN dan 50% TNT
Picratol	52% amonium pikrat dan 48% TNT	Digunakan pada peluru dan bom yang menembus lapis baja karena tidak sensitif terhadap guncangan
PIPE	81% PETN dan 19% oil
PTX-1	30% RDX, 50% tetryl dan 20% TNT
PTX-2	41-44% RDX, 26-28% PETN dan 28-33% TNT
PVA-4	90% RDX, 8% PVA dan 2% dibutyl phthalate
RIPE	85% RDX dan 15% oil
Tetrytol^[30]^[31]^[32]	70% Tetryl dan 30% TNT
Torpex,^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]^[38]	42% RDX, 40% TNT dan 18% aluminium bubuk	Dikembangkan untuk digunakan dalam torpedo, senjata ini sangat efektif dalam menghasilkan ledakan bawah air yang merusak.
Trialen 105	15% RDX, 70% TNT dan 15% aluminium bubuk	Digunakan oleh Luftwaffe.
Explosive "D"	amonium pikrat	Angkatan Darat/Angkatan Laut AS
Type 91 Explosive	Trinitroanisol (TNA)	Angkatan Darat/Angkatan Laut Jepang

Dua bahan peledak nuklir, masing-masing mengandung campuran uranium dan plutonium, juga digunakan dalam pemboman Hiroshima dan Nagasaki.

Lihat pula

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Referensi

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^ War Records Committee of the Alumni Association (1920), Technology's War Record: An Interpretation of the Contribution Made by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, its Staff, its Former Students and its Undergraduates to the Cause of the United States and the Allied Powers in the Great War, 1914-1919, Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, hlm. 364
^ Dunnite Smashes Strongest Armor, The New York Times, August 18, 1907
^ [1], La Stampa, November 2, 1911
^ Dunnite, Firstworldwar.com
^ Wilbrand, J. (1863). "Notiz über Trinitrotoluol". Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. 128 (2): 178–179. doi:10.1002/jlac.18631280206.
^ Peter O. K. Krehl (2008). History of Shock Waves, Explosions and Impact: A Chronological and Biographical Reference. Springer Science & Business Media. hlm. 404. ISBN 978-3-540-30421-0.
^ Brown GI (1998). The Big Bang: a History of Explosives. Sutton Publishing. hlm. 151–153. ISBN 978-0-7509-1878-7.
^ Norman Skentelbery (1975). Arrows to Atom Bombs: A History of the Ordnance Board (Edisi 2nd). Ordnance Board. hlm. 99.
^ Fairfield AP (1921). Naval Ordnance. Lord Baltimore Press. hlm. 49–52.
^ "PETN (Pentaerythritol tetranitrate)". Diakses tanggal March 29, 2010.
^ Childs, John (1994). "Explosives" (Google Books extract). A dictionary of military history and the art of war. ISBN 978-0-631-16848-5.
^ "New Drugs". Can Med Assoc J. 80 (12): 997–998. 1959. PMC 1831125. PMID 20325960.
^ Ebadi, Manuchair S. (1998). CRC desk reference of clinical pharmacology (Google Books excerpt). CRC Press. hlm. 383. ISBN 978-0-8493-9683-0.
^ "RDX explosive". britannica.com. Diakses tanggal 2021-09-27.
^ Field, Simon Quellen (July 1, 2017). Boom!: The Chemistry and History of Explosives. Chicago Review Press. hlm. 89–94. ISBN 978-1613738054.
^ (MacDonald and Mack Partnership 1984, hlm. 18)
^ Baxter III 1968, hlm. 27, 42, 255–259
^ US Explosive Ordnance. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Ordnance, United States Department of the Navy. 1947. hlm. 580.
^ *The Kestner Golden Jubilee Book. London: The Kestner Evaporator & Engineering Co. Ltd. 1958. hlm. 22.
^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine:Tromi2 (15 May 2006). "TNT" – via YouTube. Pemeliharaan CS1: Nama numerik: authors list (link)
^ Explosives - Compounds
^ High explosive compound - Patent 3956039
^ Cooper, Paul W. (1996). Explosives Engineering. Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-0-471-18636-6.
^ Nuclear Weapons FAQ section 8.1.1: The Design of Gadget, Fat Man, and "Joe 1" (RDS-1), accessed August 10, 2009
^ Walsh, Michael R.; Walsh, Marianne E.; Ramsey, Charles A.; Thiboutot, Sonia; Ampleman, Guy; Diaz, Emmanuela; Zufelt, Jon E. (2014-04-01). "Energetic Residues from the Detonation of IMX-104 Insensitive Munitions". Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics (dalam bahasa Inggris). 39 (2): 243–250. doi:10.1002/prep.201300095. ISSN 1521-4087.
^ "A Critical Diameter Study of the Australian Manufactured Underwater Explosive Composition H6" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 2014-02-17. Diakses tanggal 2015-09-25.
^ J. Hendrikson (January 1, 1978). "Minol". Encyclopedia of explosives and related items. Oleh Seymour M. Kaye. Vol. 8. Picatinny Arsenal. hlm. M135 – M143. LCCN 61-61759.
^ Boyars, Carl; Holden, James R.; Bertram, Albert L. (March 29, 1973). Minol IV, A New Explosive Composition Containing Ammonium Nitrate-Potassium Nitrate Solid Solution. Maryland: Naval Ordnance Laboratory.
^ B. M. Dobratz & P. C. Crawford, LLNL Explosives Handbook, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, UCRL-52997, Change 2, January 31, 1985.
^ US Army TM 9-1300-214 (p.8-121). Department of the Army (US). 1 September 1984. hlm. 8–121. Diakses tanggal 30 December 2015.
^ US Army TM 9-1300-214 (p.8-122). Department of the Army (US). 1 September 1984. hlm. 8–122. Diakses tanggal 30 December 2015.
^ T. Urbański: Chemistry and technology of explosives. Volume 1 (reprint) (p.321). Pergamon Press. 1985. hlm. 321. ISBN 0080102387.
^ Türker, Lemi; Variş, Serhat (2017). "Structurally modified RDX - A DFT study". Defence Technology. 13 (6). Elsevier BV: 385–391. doi:10.1016/j.dt.2017.02.002. ISSN 2214-9147. S2CID 99529511.
^ "Munitions Design". Barnes Wallis Foundation. Diakses tanggal 16 June 2022.
^ Webb, Mason B. (18 January 2019). "Operation Aphrodite". Warfare History Network. Diakses tanggal 16 June 2022.
^ Graf, M.B.K. (2017). Avro Lancaster. REI. hlm. 30. ISBN 978-2-37297-333-5.
^ Persson, P.A.; Holmberg, R.; Lee, J. (2018). Rock Blasting and Explosives Engineering. CRC Press. hlm. 73. ISBN 978-1-351-41822-5.
^ Fedoroff, B.T.; Kaye, S.M. (1960). Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items. Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items. Picatinny Arsenal. hlm. 2-PA55.

Artikel bertopik senjata ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[1] War Records Committee of the Alumni Association (1920), Technology's War Record: An Interpretation of the Contribution Made by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, its Staff, its Former Students and its Undergraduates to the Cause of the United States and the Allied Powers in the Great War, 1914-1919, Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, hlm. 364

[2] Dunnite Smashes Strongest Armor, The New York Times, August 18, 1907

[3] [1], La Stampa, November 2, 1911

[4] Dunnite, Firstworldwar.com

[5] Wilbrand, J. (1863). "Notiz über Trinitrotoluol". Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. 128 (2): 178–179. doi:10.1002/jlac.18631280206.

[6] Peter O. K. Krehl (2008). History of Shock Waves, Explosions and Impact: A Chronological and Biographical Reference. Springer Science & Business Media. hlm. 404. ISBN 978-3-540-30421-0.

[brown-7] Brown GI (1998). The Big Bang: a History of Explosives. Sutton Publishing. hlm. 151–153. ISBN 978-0-7509-1878-7.

[8] Norman Skentelbery (1975). Arrows to Atom Bombs: A History of the Ordnance Board (Edisi 2nd). Ordnance Board. hlm. 99.

[9] Fairfield AP (1921). Naval Ordnance. Lord Baltimore Press. hlm. 49–52.

[urlPETN_[Pentaerythritol_tetranitrate]-10] "PETN (Pentaerythritol tetranitrate)". Diakses tanggal March 29, 2010.

[11] Childs, John (1994). "Explosives" (Google Books extract). A dictionary of military history and the art of war. ISBN 978-0-631-16848-5.

[newdrugs-12] "New Drugs". Can Med Assoc J. 80 (12): 997–998. 1959. PMC 1831125. PMID 20325960.

[ebadi-13] Ebadi, Manuchair S. (1998). CRC desk reference of clinical pharmacology (Google Books excerpt). CRC Press. hlm. 383. ISBN 978-0-8493-9683-0.

[14] "RDX explosive". britannica.com. Diakses tanggal 2021-09-27.

[15] Field, Simon Quellen (July 1, 2017). Boom!: The Chemistry and History of Explosives. Chicago Review Press. hlm. 89–94. ISBN 978-1613738054.

[MM-18-16] (MacDonald and Mack Partnership 1984, hlm. 18)

[17] Baxter III 1968, hlm. 27, 42, 255–259

[18] US Explosive Ordnance. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Ordnance, United States Department of the Navy. 1947. hlm. 580.

[Kestner-19] *The Kestner Golden Jubilee Book. London: The Kestner Evaporator & Engineering Co. Ltd. 1958. hlm. 22.

[20] Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine:Tromi2 (15 May 2006). "TNT" – via YouTube. Pemeliharaan CS1: Nama numerik: authors list (link)

[Explosives_-_Compounds-21] Explosives - Compounds

[22] High explosive compound - Patent 3956039

[Cooper_-_Explosives_Engineering-23] Cooper, Paul W. (1996). Explosives Engineering. Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-0-471-18636-6.

[NWFAQ-24] Nuclear Weapons FAQ section 8.1.1: The Design of Gadget, Fat Man, and "Joe 1" (RDS-1), accessed August 10, 2009

[25] Walsh, Michael R.; Walsh, Marianne E.; Ramsey, Charles A.; Thiboutot, Sonia; Ampleman, Guy; Diaz, Emmanuela; Zufelt, Jon E. (2014-04-01). "Energetic Residues from the Detonation of IMX-104 Insensitive Munitions". Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics (dalam bahasa Inggris). 39 (2): 243–250. doi:10.1002/prep.201300095. ISSN 1521-4087.

[GovAu-26] "A Critical Diameter Study of the Australian Manufactured Underwater Explosive Composition H6" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 2014-02-17. Diakses tanggal 2015-09-25.

[PATRv8-27] J. Hendrikson (January 1, 1978). "Minol". Encyclopedia of explosives and related items. Oleh Seymour M. Kaye. Vol. 8. Picatinny Arsenal. hlm. M135 – M143. LCCN 61-61759.

[28] Boyars, Carl; Holden, James R.; Bertram, Albert L. (March 29, 1973). Minol IV, A New Explosive Composition Containing Ammonium Nitrate-Potassium Nitrate Solid Solution. Maryland: Naval Ordnance Laboratory.

[LLNL-29] B. M. Dobratz & P. C. Crawford, LLNL Explosives Handbook, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, UCRL-52997, Change 2, January 31, 1985.

[US_Army_TM_9-1300-214_(p.8-121)-30] US Army TM 9-1300-214 (p.8-121). Department of the Army (US). 1 September 1984. hlm. 8–121. Diakses tanggal 30 December 2015.

[US_Army_TM_9-1300-214_(p.8-122)-31] US Army TM 9-1300-214 (p.8-122). Department of the Army (US). 1 September 1984. hlm. 8–122. Diakses tanggal 30 December 2015.

[Urbański,_T._Vol._1_(p._321)-32] T. Urbański: Chemistry and technology of explosives. Volume 1 (reprint) (p.321). Pergamon Press. 1985. hlm. 321. ISBN 0080102387.

[Türker-33] Türker, Lemi; Variş, Serhat (2017). "Structurally modified RDX - A DFT study". Defence Technology. 13 (6). Elsevier BV: 385–391. doi:10.1016/j.dt.2017.02.002. ISSN 2214-9147. S2CID 99529511.

[Barnes_Wallis-34] "Munitions Design". Barnes Wallis Foundation. Diakses tanggal 16 June 2022.

[Webb-35] Webb, Mason B. (18 January 2019). "Operation Aphrodite". Warfare History Network. Diakses tanggal 16 June 2022.

[Graf-36] Graf, M.B.K. (2017). Avro Lancaster. REI. hlm. 30. ISBN 978-2-37297-333-5.

[Persson-37] Persson, P.A.; Holmberg, R.; Lee, J. (2018). Rock Blasting and Explosives Engineering. CRC Press. hlm. 73. ISBN 978-1-351-41822-5.

[Fedoroff-38] Fedoroff, B.T.; Kaye, S.M. (1960). Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items. Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items. Picatinny Arsenal. hlm. 2-PA55.

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Daftar bahan peledak yang digunakan selama Perang Dunia II 📖 Wikipedia

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Referensi

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