Proyek MKUltra, juga disebut program pengendalian pikiran CIA, adalah nama kode yang diberikan kepada sebuah program eksperimen subjek-subjek manusia yang dirancang dan diambil oleh Central Intelligence Agency Amerika Serikat—dan dilakukan secara ilegal dan berulang kali.[1][2][3] Eksperimen-eksperimen terhadap manusia tersebut ditujukan untuk mengidentifikasikan dan mengembangkan obat-obatan dan prosedur-prosedur untuk dipakai dana interogasi dalam rangka melemahkan orang tersebut dan mendorong pengakuan lewat pengendalian pikiran. Proyek tersebut dilakukan lewat Office of Scientific Intelligence dari CIA dan bekerja sama dengan U.S. Army Biological Warfare Laboratories.[4] Nama-nama kode untuk eksperimen terkait obat-obatan adalah Proyek Bluebird dan Proyek Artichoke.[5][6]
Referensi
sunting- ^ "One of the Most Shocking CIA Programs of All Time: Project MKUltra" (dalam bahasa American English). 2013-09-23. Diakses tanggal 2016-08-18.
- ^ Editors, History.com (2018-08-21). "MK-Ultra". History.com. A&E Television Networks. Diakses tanggal 2019-01-02.
Though Project MK-Ultra lasted from 1953 until about 1973, details of the illicit program didn't become public until 1975, during a congressional investigation into widespread illegal CIA activities within the United States and around the world.
; - ^ Valentine, Douglas (2016-12-31). The CIA as Organized Crime: How Illegal Operations Corrupt America and the World. Clarity Press. ISBN 978-0-9972870-1-1.
As Vietnam was winding down, the CIA was beset by Congressional investigations that revealed some of the criminal activities it was involved in, like MKULTRA.
Pemeliharaan CS1: Tahun (link) - ^ "Advisory on Human Radiation Experiments, July 5, 1994, National Security Archives, retrieved January 16, 2014". Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal July 13, 2013.
- ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2020-12-01. Diakses tanggal 2019-08-24.
- ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2020-12-01. Diakses tanggal 2019-08-24.
Bacaan tambahan
sunting- Potash, John L. (2015). Drugs as Weapons Against Us. Trine Day LLC. ISBN 978-1937584924.
- "U.S. Congress: The Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Foreign and Military Intelligence (Church Committee report), report no. 94-755, 94th Cong., 2d Sess. (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1976), 394".
- "U.S. Senate: Joint Hearing before The Select Committee on Intelligence and The Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources, 95th Cong., 1st Sess. August 3, 1977".
- "The Search for the "Manchurian Candidate": The CIA and Mind Control: The Secret History of the Behavioral Sciences".
- Acid: The Secret History of LSD, by David Black, London: Vision, 1998, ISBN 1901250113. Later edition exists.
- Acid Dreams: The Complete Social History of LSD: The CIA, the Sixties, and Beyond by Martin Lee and Bruce Shlain, New York: Grove Press, 1985, ISBN 0802130623
- The Agency: The Rise and Decline of the CIA, by John Ranelagh, pp. 208–10.
- 80 Greatest Conspiracies of All Time, by Jonathan Vankin and John Whalin, chapter 1, "CIAcid Drop".
- In the Sleep Room: The Story of CIA Brainwashing Experiments in Canada, Anne Collins, Lester & Orpen Dennys (Toronto), 1988.
- Journey into Madness: The True Story of Secret CIA Mind Control and Medical Abuse, by Gordon Thomas, NY: Bantam, 1989, ISBN 0553284134
- Operation Mind Control: Our Secret Governments's War Against Its Own People, by W H Bowart, New York: Dell, 1978, ISBN 0440167558
- The Men Who Stare at Goats, by Jon Ronson, Picador, 2004, ISBN 0330375482
- The Search for the Manchurian Candidate, by John Marks, W.W. Norton & Company Ltd, 1999, ISBN 0393307948
- Storming Heaven: LSD and The American Dream, by Jay Stevens, New York: Grove Press, 1987, ISBN 0802135870
Pranala luar
sunting
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Project MKUltra.
- Entire Four (4) CD-ROM set of CIA / MKUltra Declassified documents released by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), image format, The Black Vault
- MKUltra Declassified documents, PDF format
- U.S. Supreme Court, CIA v. Sims, 471 U.S. 159 (1985) 471 U.S. 159, Findlaw
- U.S. Supreme Court, United States v. Stanley, 483 U.S. 669 (1987) 483 U.S. 669, Findlaw
- Mind Control and MKULTRA by Richard G. Gall
- The Most Dangerous Game Downloadable 8 minute documentary by independent filmmakers GNN
- Results of the 1973 Church Committee Hearings, on CIA misdeeds, and the 1984 Iran/Contra Hearings Diarsipkan 2015-06-18 di Wayback Machine.
- XXVII. Testing and Use of Chemical and Biological Agents by the Intelligence Community
- List of MKULTRA Unclassified Documents including subprojects
- MK Ultra Project
