Pyrokinesis is the purported psychic ability allowing a person to create and control fire with the mind.[1][2][3] As with other parapsychological phenomena, there is no conclusive evidence in support of the actual existence of pyrokinesis. Many alleged cases are hoaxes and the result of trickery.[4][5]
Etymology
editThe word pyrokinesis (from Greek pyr meaning fire, kinesis meaning movement) was popularized by horror novelist Stephen King in his 1980 novel Firestarter to describe the ability to create and control fire with the mind, though its use predates the novel.[1][6][7] The word is intended to be parallel to telekinesis, with S. T. Joshi describing it as a "singularly unfortunate coinage" and suggesting that the correct analogy to telekinesis would "not be 'pyrokinesis' but 'telepyrosis' (fire from a distance)".[8]
History
editA. W. Underwood, a 19th-century African American, achieved minor celebrity status with the purported ability to set items ablaze. Magicians and scientists have suggested concealed pieces of phosphorus may have instead been responsible. The phosphorus could be readily ignited by breath or rubbing. Skeptical investigator Joe Nickell has written that Underwood may have used a "chemical-combustion technique, and still other means. Whatever the exact method — and the phosphorus trick might be the most likely — the possibilities of deception far outweigh any occult powers hinted at by Charles Fort or others."[5]
The medium Daniel Dunglas Home was known for performing fire feats and handling a heated lump of coal taken from a fire. The magician Henry R. Evans wrote that the coal handling was a juggling trick, performed by Home using a hidden piece of platinum.[9] Hereward Carrington described Evans hypothesis as "certainly ingenious" but pointed out William Crookes, an experienced chemist, was present at a séance whilst Home performed the feat and would have known how to distinguish the difference between coal and platinum.[10] Frank Podmore wrote that most of the fire feats could have easily been performed by conjuring tricks and sleight of hand but hallucination and sense-deception may have explained Crookes' claim about observing flames from Home's fingers.[11]
Joseph McCabe has written that Home's alleged feats of pyrokinesis were weak and unsatisfactory, he noted that they were performed in dark conditions amongst unreliable witnesses. McCabe suggested the coal handling was probably a "piece of asbestos from Home's pocket".[12]
Sometimes claims of pyrokinesis are published in the context of fire ghosts, such as Canneto di Caronia fires and the 1982 Italian case of a young Scottish nanny, Carole Compton.[13]
In March 2011, a three-year-old girl in Antique, a Philippines province with important mysticism and folklore, gained local media attention for the supposed supernatural power to predict or create fires. The town mayor said he witnessed a pillow ignite after the girl said "fire... pillow." Others claimed to have witnessed the girl either predicting or causing fire without any physical contact with the objects.[14][15] A pastor claimed to have exorcised the girl and police failed to find anything abnormal although a paranormal proponent claimed that she must have inherited those powers from a previous life.[16] The story of the alleged "fire starter" was featured on the June 22, 2020 Kapuso Mo, Jessica Soho show. Since several objects around the house were ignited, local residents flocked to the girl's house to learn of the circumstances and emergency services visited the house to investigate.[17]
There is no scientifically known method for the brain to trigger explosions or fires.[2]
See also
edit- Fire (classical element)
- Firewalking
- Fire breathing
- Firestarter (novel)
- Pyrokinesis (film)
- Spontaneous human combustion
References
edit- ^ a b Joyce, Judith (2011). The Weiser Field Guide to the Paranormal. San Francisco, California: Weiser Books. p. 159. ISBN 978-1609252984.
- ^ a b Gresh, Lois H.; Weinberg, Robert (2007). The Science of Stephen King: From Carrie to Cell, The Terrifying Truth Behind the Horror Masters Fiction. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley & Sons. pp. 38–39. ISBN 9780471782476. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
- ^ Westfahl, Gary; Gaiman, Neil (2005). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy (1st ed.). Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 637. ISBN 9780313329524. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
- ^ Stein, Gordon; Gardner, Martin (1993). Encyclopedia of Hoaxes. Detroit: Gale Research. pp. 161–164. ISBN 0810384140.
- ^ a b Nickell, Joe (2004). Mystery Chronicles: More Real-Life X-Files. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. pp. 56–60. ISBN 9780813123189.
- ^ McCrossan, John A. (2000). Books and Reading in the Lives of Notable Americans: A Biographical Sourcebook. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 144. ISBN 0313303762.
- ^ Lee, Walt (1972). Reference Guide to Fantastic Films: Science Fiction, Fantasy, & Horror. Volume 2. Los Angeles: Chelsea-Lee Books. p. 193. ISBN 0913974048. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Joshi, S. T. (2001). The Modern Weird Tale. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. p. 75. ISBN 9780786409860. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
- ^ Evans, Henry R. (1897). Hours With the Ghosts Or Nineteenth Century Witchcraft. Laird & Lee. pp. 106-107.
The "coal" is a piece of spongy platinum which bears a close resemblance to a lump of half burnt coal, and is palmed in the hand, as a prestidigitateur conceals a coin, a pack of cards, an egg, or a small lemon. The medium or magician advances to the grate and pretends to take a genuine lump of coal from the fire but brings up instead at the tops of his fingers, the piece of platinum.
- ^ Carrington, Hereward (1907). The Physical Phenomena of Spiritualism. Herbet B. Turner & Co. p. 404.
- ^ Podmore, Frank (1910). "Levitation and the Fire Ordeal". The Newer Spiritualism. Henry Holt and Company. pp. 55–86.
- ^ McCabe, Joseph (1920). Is Spiritualism Based on Fraud? the Evidence Given by Sir A. C. Doyle and Others Drastically Examined. London Watts & Co. pp. 78–80.
- ^ "Sicilian fires recall nanny's 'witch' ordeal". The Scotsman. 2004-02-12. Retrieved 2015-03-05.
- ^ "Fire 'seer' draws hundreds to Antique village". Newsinfo.inquirer.net. 2011-03-09. Archived from the original on 2013-12-04. Retrieved 2013-11-07.
- ^ Felongco, Gilbert P (March 5, 2011). "Three-year-old alleged firestarter sparks amazement in Philippines". Gulf News.
- ^ Vince (March 24, 2011). "Fire Starter or Pyrokinesis: 3-Year old Child from Iloilo City Make Fire by Imagination". Philippine News.
- ^ "Kapuso Mo, Jessica Soho: Bata mula Antique na hinihinalang firestarter, kumusta na ngayon?". GMA News and Public Affairs. YouTube. June 21, 2020. Archived from the original on 2021-12-11. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
Further reading
edit- Gordon Stein. (1993). Encyclopedia of Hoaxes. Gale Research.ISBN 0-8103-8414-0
- John G. Taylor. (1980). Science and the Supernatural: An Investigation of Paranormal Phenomena Including Psychic Healing, Clairvoyance, Telepathy, and Precognition by a Distinguished Physicist and Mathematician. Temple Smith.ISBN 0-85117-191-5
