A subapical consonant is a consonant made by contact with the underside of the tip of the tongue. The only common subapical articulations are in the postalveolar to palatal region, which are called "retroflex".

Most so-called retroflex consonants are more properly called apical. True subapical retroflexes are found in the Dravidian languages of Southern India.

Occasionally, the term "sublaminal" is used for "subapical", which might be better used for sounds pronounced between the underside of the tongue and the floor of the mouth, such as sucking-teeth and the slapped clicks of Sandawe.

References

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  • Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBNย 0-631-19815-6.
  • Steever, Sanford B., ed. (2006). The Dravidian Languages (Newย ed.). Routledge. ISBNย 978-0-415-41267-4.
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Coronal consonant

retroflex) just behind that, the subapical retroflex consonants curled back against the hard palate, and linguolabial consonants with the tongue against the

Laminal consonant

consonants is a rectangle, normally placed under the letter: U+033B โ—Œฬป COMBINING SQUARE BELOW. Apical consonant Subapical consonant Coronal consonant

Retroflex consonant

(subapical). These sounds are sometimes described as "true" retroflex consonants. However, retroflexes are commonly taken to include other consonants having

Postalveolar consonant

articulation [สƒฬป]), or with the underside of the tip (a subapical articulation). Apical and subapical articulations are always "tongue-up", with the tip of

International Phonetic Alphabet

letter. A retroflex trill can be written as a retracted [rฬ ], just as non-subapical retroflex fricatives and uvular laterals [สŸฬ  q๐ผ„ฬ สผ] sometimes are. The

Click consonant

instead of the intended characters. Click consonants, or clicks, are speech sounds that occur as consonants in many languages of Southern Africa and in

Linguolabial consonant

extends from labio-lingual to subapical-palatal places of articulation. Cross-linguistically, linguolabial consonants are very rare. They are found in

Sibilant

articulation, e.g. [สƒฬป]); or with the underside of the tip (a subapical articulation). Apical and subapical articulations are always tongue-up, with the tip of