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For the Israeli moshav, see Yardena.
The Jordan River
Mandaean masbuta in the Karun River, Ahvaz, Iran

In Mandaeism, a yardna (Classical Mandaic: ࡉࡀࡓࡃࡍࡀ, romanized: iardna, lit. 'Jordan') or yardena ([jardəna]; Arabic: یردنا) is a body of flowing fresh water (or in Classical Mandaic: ࡌࡉࡀ ࡄࡉࡉࡀ, romanized: mia hiia, lit. 'living water'; pronounced meyya heyyi) that is suitable for ritual use as baptismal water.[1] The masbuta and other Mandaean rituals such as the tamasha can only be performed in a yardna. Stagnant fresh water, brackish water, and seawater are not considered to be yardnas.[2]

Unlike in Islam, Christianity, or Yazidism, no earthly geographic location is exclusively considered to be sacrosanct in Mandaeism. This is because Mandaeism does not have shrines, holy sites, or pilgrimage sites tied to specific geographical locations, since any river with flowing water can be used for religious rituals.[3]

Examples of yardnas

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Although etymologically related to the Canaanite word yarden (Hebrew: ירדן), or the Jordan River, a yardna in Mandaeism can refer to any flowing river.[4] Traditionally, these were typically the Euphrates (Mandaic: Praš), Tigris (Mandaic: Diglat), and Karun (Mandaic: ʿUlat)[5] rivers. The Euphrates is called Praš Ziwa (ࡐࡓࡀࡔ ࡆࡉࡅࡀ; pronounced Fraš Ziwa) in the Ginza Rabba.[6] In Mandaean scriptures, the Euphrates is considered to be the earthly manifestation of the heavenly yardna or flowing river (similar to the Yazidi concept of Lalish being the earthly manifestation of its heavenly counterpart).[7]

In Worcester, Massachusetts, United States, Lake Quinsigamond (the source of the Quinsigamond River) is used as a yardna for baptism.[8] In San Antonio and Austin, Texas, the Guadalupe River is the main yardna used.[9]

In Australia, the Nepean River (utilized by Wallacia Mandi) and the Georges River are the yardnas that are most commonly used by Mandaeans.[10] In Sweden, particularly during the winter, indoor pools with flowing water are used as ritual yardnas in mandis.[11]

Heavenly counterpart

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Piriawis, a river in the World of Light, is the heavenly counterpart of all yardnas on earth, which are considered by Mandaeans to be manifestations of Piriawis.[6][4]

Sacramental water

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There are two types of sacramental water used for Mandaean rituals, namely mambuha ("drinking water") and halalta ("rinsing water"). Both are drawn directly from a yardna.[4]

Uthras

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Mandaean texts mention various uthras watching over yardnas.

Book 14 of the Right Ginza mentions Adathan and Yadathan as the guardians of the "first yardna" (yardna qadmayya).[6]

Shilmai and Nidbai are the two guardian uthras (celestial beings) watching over Piriawis, the heavenly yardna in the World of Light.[6]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ The Gnostic Bible (2003) (p. 810). New Seeds Books
  2. ^ Gelbert, Carlos (2005). The Mandaeans and the Jews. Edensor Park, NSW: Living Water Books. ISBN 0-9580346-2-1. OCLC 68208613.
  3. ^ McGrath, James F. (2024-06-11). Christmaker: A Life of John the Baptist. Chicago: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8028-8400-8.
  4. ^ a b c Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002). The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515385-5. OCLC 65198443.
  5. ^ Nasoraia, Brikha (2022). The Mandaean Rivers Scroll (Diwan Nahrawatha): an analysis. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-367-33544-1. OCLC 1295213206.
  6. ^ a b c d Gelbert, Carlos (2011). Ginza Rba. Sydney: Living Water Books. ISBN 9780958034630.
  7. ^ Nasoraia, Brikha H.S. (2021). The Mandaean gnostic religion: worship practice and deep thought. New Delhi: Sterling. ISBN 978-81-950824-1-4. OCLC 1272858968.
  8. ^ "Worcester branch of Mandaean faith works to plant roots". 2014-12-12. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
  9. ^ Busch, Matthew; Ross, Robyn (18 February 2020). "Against The Current". Texas Observer. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  10. ^ Smith, David Maurice (2015-07-30). "An Ancient Baptism in Sydney". Roads & Kingdoms. Retrieved 2021-10-30.
  11. ^ Sedrati, Anass (2018). "Mandaeism - A religion between Sweden and the Middle East". Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology.

📚 Artikel Terkait di Wikipedia

Piriawis

(Classical Mandaic: ࡉࡀࡓࡃࡍࡀ ࡓࡁࡀ, romanized: Yardna Rba "Great Jordan"), is the sacred life-giving river (yardna) of the World of Light. It is the heavenly

Sidra d-Nishmata

(audio): yardna prayer beginning with a blessing of the outer door (tira baraia), for deconsecrating the yardna Prayer 21 (audio): ascent from the yardna; the

Drabsha

now manifested as a physical banner, is set up so that the water of the yardna and the radiance (ziwa) of the banner, representing light, can come together

Mandi (Mandaeism)

and place of worship. A mandi is traditionally built on the banks of a yardna, or flowing river. Although mandis are traditionally "cult-huts" made of

Living Water

can only take place in rivers called yardna. Water of Life (Christianity) Living Waters (disambiguation) Yardna in Mandaeism Masbuta in Mandaeism Five

Uthra

instance, Shilmai and Nidbai are the guardians of Piriawis, the Great Jordan (yardna) of Life. Other uthras are gufnas, or heavenly grapevines. Uthras that accompany

Sacramental bread

participate in a baptismal mass (maṣbuta) involving immersion in flowing water (yardna) by ordained priests. The baptized then consume pieces of salted pihta blessed

Adathan and Yadathan

Ginza mentions Adathan and Yadathan as the guardians of the "first river" (yardna qadmayya). Along with Shilmai and Nidbai, Adathan and Yadathan are among