| Austrik
(diusulkan) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wilayah | Asia Tenggara, Kepulauan Pasifik, Asia Selatan, Asia Timur, Madagaskar | ||||||||
Penutur | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Kode bahasa | |||||||||
| ISO 639-3 | โ | ||||||||
| Lokasi penuturan | |||||||||
Rumpun bahasa Austrik adalah rumpun bahasa yang diusulkan yang mencakup rumpun bahasa Austronesia yang dituturkan di Taiwan, Asia Tenggara Maritim, Kepulauan Pasifik, dan Madagaskar, serta rumpun bahasa Austroasia yang dituturkan di Asia Tenggara Daratan dan Asia Selatan. Hubungan genetik antara rumpun bahasa ini dipandang masuk akal oleh beberapa ahli, tetapi tetap tidak terbukti.[1][2]
Selain itu, rumpun bahasa Tai-Kadai dan rumpun bahasa Hmong-Mien dimasukkan oleh beberapa ahli ilmu bahasa, dan bahkan bahasa Jepang berspekulasi menjadi Austrik pada versi awal hipotesis.[3]
Persebaran
sunting-
Persebaran rumpun bahasa Austroasia
-
Persebaran rumpun bahasa Austronesia
-
Persebaran rumpun bahasa Tai-Kadai
-
Persebaran rumpun bahasa Hmong-Mien
Lihat juga
sunting- Rumpun bahasa Asia Timur
- Rumpun bahasa Austro-Tai
- Rumpun bahasa Sino-Austronesia
- Kawasan linguistik Asia Tenggara Daratan
- Penggolongan rumpun bahasa Asia Tenggara
Catatan
suntingRujukan
sunting- ^ Reid (2009).
- ^ Blust (2013), hlm.ย 696โ703.
- ^ van Driem (2001), hlm.ย 298.
Karya yang dikutip
sunting- Benedict, Paul K. (1942). "Thai, Kadai, and Indonesian: A New Alignment in Southeastern Asia". American Anthropologist. 4 (44): 576โ601. doi:10.1525/aa.1942.44.4.02a00040.
- โโโ (1976). "Austro-Thai and Austroasiatic". Dalam Jenner, Philip N.; Thompson, Laurence C.; Starosta, Stanley (ed.). Austroasiatic Studies, Part I. Honolulu: University of Hawaiโi Press. hlm.ย 1โ36. JSTORย 20019153.
- โโโ (1991). "Austric: An 'Extinct' Proto-language". Dalam Davidson, Jeremy H. C. S. (ed.). Austroasiatic Languages: Essays in Honour of H. L. Shorto. London: School of Oriental and African Studies. hlm.ย 7โ11.
- Blust, Robert (2013). The Austronesian Languages (Edisi revised). Australian National University. hdl:1885/10191. ISBNย 978-1-922185-07-5.
- Diffloth, Gerard (1990). "What Happened to Austric?" (PDF). MonโKhmer Studies. 16โ17: 1โ9.
- โโโ (1994). "The lexical evidence for Austric so far". Oceanic Linguistics. 33 (2): 309โ321. doi:10.2307/3623131. JSTORย 3623131.
- van Driem, George (2001). Languages of the Himalayas. Vol. 1. Leiden: BRILL. ISBNย 9004120629.
- โโโ (2005). "Sino-Austronesian vs. Sino-Caucasian, Sino-Bodic vs. Sino-Tibetan, and Tibeto-Burman as default theory" (PDF). Dalam Yadava, Yogendra P. (ed.). Contemporary Issues in Nepalese Linguistics. Linguistic Society of Nepal. hlm.ย 285โ338. ISBNย 978-99946-57-69-8.
- Hayes, La Vaughn H. (1992). "On the Track of Austric, Part I: Introduction" (PDF). MonโKhmer Studies. 21: 143โ77.
- โโโ (1997). "On the Track of Austric, Part II: Consonant Mutation in Early Austroasiatic" (PDF). MonโKhmer Studies. 27: 13โ41.
- โโโ (1999). "On the Track of Austric, Part III: Basic Vocabulary Correspondence" (PDF). MonโKhmer Studies. 29: 1โ34.
- โโโ (2000). "The Austric Denti-alveolar Sibilants". Mother Tongue. 5: 1โ12.
- โโโ (2001). "On the Origin of Affricates in Austric". Mother Tongue. 6: 95โ117.
- Holman, Eric W. (2011). "Automated Dating of the World's Language Families Based on Lexical Similarity" (PDF). Current Anthropology. 52 (6): 841โ875. doi:10.1086/662127. hdl:2066/94255. S2CIDย 60838510.
- Jรคger, Gerhard (2015). "Support for linguistic macrofamilies from weighted sequence alignment". PNAS. 112 (41): 12752โ12757. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11212752J. doi:10.1073/pnas.1500331112. PMCย 4611657. PMIDย 26403857.
- Reid, Lawrence A. (1994). "Morphological evidence for Austric" (PDF). Oceanic Linguistics. 33 (2): 323โ344. doi:10.2307/3623132. hdl:10125/32987. JSTORย 3623132.
- โโโ (1999). "New linguistic evidence for the Austric hypothesis". Dalam Zeitoun, Elizabeth; Li, Paul Jen-kuei (ed.). Selected Papers from the Eighth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics. Taipei: Academia Sinica. hlm.ย 5โ30.
- โโโ (2005). "The current status of Austric: A review and evaluation of the lexical and morphosyntactic evidence". Dalam Sagart, Laurent; Blench, Roger; Sanchez-Mazas, Alicia (ed.). The peopling of East Asia: putting together archaeology, linguistics and genetics. London: Routledge Curzon. hdl:10125/33009.
- โโโ (2009). "Austric Hypothesis". Dalam Brown, Keith; Ogilvie, Sarah (ed.). Concise Encyclopaedia of Languages of the World. Oxford: Elsevier. hlm.ย 92โ94.
- Schmidt, Wilhelm (1906). "Die MonโKhmer-Vรถlker, ein Bindeglied zwischen Vรถlkern Zentralasiens und Austronesiens ('[The MonโKhmer Peoples, a Link between the Peoples of Central Asia and Austronesia')". Archiv fรผr Anthropologie. 5: 59โ109.
- โโโ (1930). "Die Beziehungen der austrischen Sprachen zum Japanischen ('The connections of the Austric languages to Japanese')". Wiener Beitrag zur Kulturgeschichte und Linguistik. 1: 239โ51..
- Shorto, H. L. (1976). "In Defense of Austric". Computational Analyses of Asian and African Languages. 6: 95โ104.
- Solnit, David B. (1992). "Japanese/Austro-Tai By Paul K. Benedict (review)". Language (dalam bahasa Inggris). 68 (1): 188โ196. doi:10.1353/lan.1992.0061. ISSNย 1535-0665. S2CIDย 141811621.
Bacaan lanjut
sunting- Blazhek, Vaclav. 2000. Comments on Hayes "The Austric Denti-alveolar Sibilants". Mother Tongue V:15-17.
- Blust, Robert. 1996. Beyond the Austronesian homeland: The Austric hypothesis and its implications for archaeology. In: Prehistoric Settlement of the Pacific, ed. by Ward H.Goodenough, ISBN 978-0-87169-865-0 DIANE Publishing Co, Collingdale PA, 1996, pp.ย 117โ137. (Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 86.5. (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society).
- Blust, Robert. 2000. Comments on Hayes, "The Austric Denti-alveolar Sibilants". Mother Tongue V:19-21.
- Fleming, Hal. 2000. LaVaughn Hayes and Robert Blust Discuss Austric. Mother Tongue V:29-32.
- Hayes, La Vaughn H. 2000. Response to Blazhek's Comments. Mother Tongue V:33-4.
- Hayes, La Vaughn H. 2000. Response to Blust's Comments. Mother Tongue V:35-7.
- Hayes, La Vaughn H. 2000. Response to Fleming's Comments. Mother Tongue V:39-40.
- Hayes, La Vaughn H. 2001. Response to Sidwell. Mother Tongue VI:123-7.
- Larish, Michael D. 2006. Possible Proto-Asian Archaic Residue and the Statigraphy of Diffusional Cumulation in Austro-Asian Languages Diarsipkan 2018-07-03 di Wayback Machine.. Paper presented at the Tenth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, 17โ20 January 2006, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines.
- Reid, Lawrence A. 1996. The current state of linguistic research on the relatedness of the language families of East and Southeast Asia. In: Ian C. Glover and Peter Bellwood, editorial co-ordinators, Indo-Pacific Prehistory: The Chiang Mai Papers, Volume 2, pp . 87-91. Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association 15. Canberra: Australian National University.
- Sidwell, Paul. 2001. Comments on La Vaughn H. Hayes' "On the Origin of Affricates in Austric". Mother Tongue VI:119-121.
- Van Driem, George. 2000. Four Austric Theories. Mother Tongue V:23-27.
Pranala luar
sunting- Rumpun bahasa Austrik di Encyclopรฆdia Britannica
- Phonologies of selected Austronesian and Austroasiatic languages
- Glossary of purported lexical links among Austronesian and Austroasiatic languages
- Papers on the Austric hypothesis
- Daftar kata
- Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: Austronesian, TaiโKadai, HmongโMien, Austro-Asiatic word lists
- Comparative TaiโKadai and HmongโMien Swadesh vocabulary lists (from Wiktionary's Swadesh-list appendix)
Templat:Rumpun bahasa Austronesia
Templat:Linguistik perbandingan jarak jauh Templat:Rumpun bahasa Eurasia